A summary of all Java EE specifications

Important: While this answer is still valid, you may also want to check the following:
• List of technologies of Jakarta EE 8;
• List of technologies of Jakarta EE 9.

The Java EE 8 technologies

Java EE 8 builds on Java EE 7 (see the older answer for details) and modernizes support for many industry standards and continues simplification of enterprise ready APIs.

Enhancements include:

  • Java Servlet 4.0 API with HTTP/2 support
  • Enhanced JSON support including a new JSON binding API
  • A new REST Reactive Client API
  • Asynchronous CDI Events
  • A new portable Security API
  • Server-Sent Events support (client & server-side)
  • Support for Java SE 8 new capabilities (e.g. Data & Time API, Streams API, annotations enhancements)

The following JSRs are new or updated in Java EE 8:

  • Java EE Platform

    • JSR 366: Java EE 8 Platform

  • Web Application Technologies

    • JSR 367: The Java API for JSON Binding (JSON-B) 1.0
    • JSR 374: Java API for JSON Processing (JSON-P) 1.1
    • JSR 369: Java Servlet 4.0
    • JSR 372: JavaServer Faces (JSF) 2.3

  • Enterprise Application Technologies

    • JSR 365: Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) 2.0
    • JSR 380: Bean Validation 2.0
    • JSR 338: Java Persistence 2.2
    • JSR 250: Common Annotations 1.3
    • JSR 919: JavaMail 1.6

  • Web Services Technologies

    • JSR 370: Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS) 2.1

  • Management and Security Technologies

    • JSR 375: Java EE Security API 1.0

For more details, refer to this page.

A briefing of each technology

To learn more about the main technologies listed above, check the Java EE tutorial. And a good overview of the main technologies can be found in this page. Just quoting it here:

Enterprise JavaBeans Technology

An Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) component, or enterprise bean, is a body of code that has fields and methods to implement modules of business logic. You can think of an enterprise bean as a building block that can be used alone or with other enterprise beans to execute business logic on the Java EE server.

Enterprise beans are either session beans or message-driven beans.

  • A session bean represents a transient conversation with a client. When the client finishes executing, the session bean and its data are gone.
  • A message-driven bean combines features of a session bean and a message listener, allowing a business component to receive messages asynchronously. Commonly, these are Java Message Service (JMS) messages.

The Java EE 8 platform requires Enterprise JavaBeans 3.2 and Interceptors 1.2. The Interceptors specification is part of the EJB specification.

Java Servlet Technology

Java Servlet technology lets you define HTTP-specific servlet classes. A servlet class extends the capabilities of servers that host applications accessed by way of a request-response programming model. Although servlets can respond to any type of request, they are commonly used to extend the applications hosted by web servers.

In the Java EE 8 platform, new Java Servlet technology features include the following:

  • Server Push
  • HTTP Trailer

The Java EE 8 platform requires Servlet 4.0

JavaServer Faces Technology

JavaServer Faces technology is a user interface framework for building web applications. The main components of JavaServer Faces technology are as follows:

  • A GUI component framework.
  • A flexible model for rendering components in different kinds of HTML or different markup languages and technologies. A Renderer object generates the markup to render the component and converts the data stored in a model object to types that can be represented in a view.
  • A standard RenderKit for generating HTML 4.01 markup.

The following features support the GUI components:

  • Input validation
  • Event handling
  • Data conversion between model objects and components
  • Managed model object creation
  • Page navigation configuration
  • Expression Language (EL)

All this functionality is available using standard Java APIs and XML-based configuration files.

In the Java EE 8 platform, new features of JavaServer Faces technology include the following:

  • Direct support for WebSockets via the new <f:websocket> tag
  • Class-level bean validation via the new <f:validateWholeBean> tag
  • A CDI-compatible @ManagedProperty annotation
  • Enhanced component search expression framework

The Java EE 8 platform requires JavaServer Faces 2.3 and Expression Language 3.0.

For an excellent summary of what’s new in JSF 2.3, see https://javaserverfaces.github.io/whats-new-in-jsf23.html.

JavaServer Pages Technology

JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology lets you put snippets of servlet code directly into a text-based document. A JSP page is a text-based document that contains two types of text:

  • Static data, which can be expressed in any text-based format, such as HTML or XML
  • JSP elements, which determine how the page constructs dynamic content

For information about JSP technology, see The Java EE 5 Tutorial at http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/5/tutorial/doc/.

The Java EE 8 platform requires JavaServer Pages 2.3 for compatibility with earlier releases but recommends the use of Facelets as the display technology in new applications.

JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library

The JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL) encapsulates core functionality common to many JSP applications. Instead of mixing tags from numerous vendors in your JSP applications, you use a single, standard set of tags. This standardization allows you to deploy your applications on any JSP container that supports JSTL and makes it more likely that the implementation of the tags is optimized.

JSTL has iterator and conditional tags for handling flow control, tags for manipulating XML documents, internationalization tags, tags for accessing databases using SQL, and tags for commonly used functions.

The Java EE 8 platform requires JSTL 1.2.

Java Persistence API

The Java Persistence API (JPA) is a Java standards–based solution for persistence. Persistence uses an object/relational mapping approach to bridge the gap between an object-oriented model and a relational database. The Java Persistence API can also be used in Java SE applications outside of the Java EE environment. Java Persistence consists of the following areas:

  • The Java Persistence API
  • The query language
  • Object/relational mapping metadata

The Java EE 8 platform requires Java Persistence API 2.2.

Java Transaction API

The Java Transaction API (JTA) provides a standard interface for demarcating transactions. The Java EE architecture provides a default auto commit to handle transaction commits and rollbacks. An auto commit means that any other applications that are viewing data will see the updated data after each database read or write operation. However, if your application performs two separate database access operations that depend on each other, you will want to use the JTA API to demarcate where the entire transaction, including both operations, begins, rolls back, and commits.

The Java EE 8 platform requires Java Transaction API 1.2.

Java API for RESTful Web Services

The Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS) defines APIs for the development of web services built according to the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style. A JAX-RS application is a web application that consists of classes packaged as a servlet in a WAR file along with required libraries.

In the Java EE 8 platform, new RESTful web services features include the following:

  • Reactive Client API: When the results of an invocation on a target resource are received, enhancements to the completion stage APIs in Java SE allow the sequence of those results to be specified, prioritized, combined, or concatenated, and how exceptions can be handled.
  • Enhancements in support for server-sent events: Clients may subscribe to server-issued event notifications using a long-running connection. Support for a new media type, text/event-stream, has been added.
  • Support for JSON-B objects, and improved integration with CDI, Servlet, and Bean Validation technologies

The Java EE 8 platform requires JAX-RS 2.1.

Managed Beans

Managed Beans, lightweight container-managed objects (POJOs) with minimal requirements, support a small set of basic services, such as resource injection, lifecycle callbacks, and interceptors. Managed Beans represent a generalization of the managed beans specified by JavaServer Faces technology and can be used anywhere in a Java EE application, not just in web modules.

The Managed Beans specification is part of the Java EE 8 platform specification (JSR 366). The Java EE 8 platform requires Managed Beans 1.0.

Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE

Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE (CDI) defines a set of contextual services, provided by Java EE containers, that make it easy for developers to use enterprise beans along with JavaServer Faces technology in web applications. Designed for use with stateful objects, CDI also has many broader uses, allowing developers a great deal of flexibility to integrate different kinds of components in a loosely coupled but typesafe way.

In the Java EE 8 platform, new CDI features include the following:

  • An API for bootstrapping a CDI container in Java SE 8
  • Support for observer ordering, which determines the order in which the observer methods for a particular event are invoked, and support for firing events asynchronously
  • Configurators interfaces, which are used for dynamically defining and modifying CDI objects
  • Built-in annotation literals, a convenience feature for creating instances of annotations, and more

The Java EE 8 platform requires CDI 2.0.

Dependency Injection for Java

Dependency Injection for Java defines a standard set of annotations (and one interface) for use on injectable classes.

In the Java EE platform, CDI provides support for Dependency Injection. Specifically, you can use injection points only in a CDI-enabled application.

The Java EE 8 platform requires Dependency Injection for Java 1.0.

Bean Validation

The Bean Validation specification defines a metadata model and API for validating data in JavaBeans components. Instead of distributing validation of data over several layers, such as the browser and the server side, you can define the validation constraints in one place and share them across the different layers.

In the Java EE 8 platform, new Bean Validation features include the following:

  • Support for new features in Java SE 8, such as the Date-Time API
  • Addition of new built-in Bean Validation constraints

The Java EE 8 platform requires Bean Validation 2.0.

Java Message Service API

The Java Message Service (JMS) API is a messaging standard that allows Java EE application components to create, send, receive, and read messages. It enables distributed communication that is loosely coupled, reliable, and asynchronous.

The Java EE 8 platform requires JMS 2.0.

Java EE Connector Architecture

The Java EE Connector Architecture is used by tools vendors and system integrators to create resource adapters that support access to enterprise information systems that can be plugged in to any Java EE product. A resource adapter is a software component that allows Java EE application components to access and interact with the underlying resource manager of the EIS. Because a resource adapter is specific to its resource manager, a different resource adapter typically exists for each type of database or enterprise information system.

The Java EE Connector Architecture also provides a performance-oriented, secure, scalable, and message-based transactional integration of Java EE platform–based web services with existing EISs that can be either synchronous or asynchronous. Existing applications and EISs integrated through the Java EE Connector Architecture into the Java EE platform can be exposed as XML-based web services by using JAX-WS and Java EE component models. Thus JAX-WS and the Java EE Connector Architecture are complementary technologies for enterprise application integration (EAI) and end-to-end business integration.

The Java EE 8 platform requires Java EE Connector Architecture 1.7.

JavaMail API

Java EE applications use the JavaMail API to send email notifications. The JavaMail API has two parts:

  • An application-level interface used by the application components to send mail
  • A service provider interface

The Java EE platform includes the JavaMail API with a service provider that allows application components to send Internet mail.

The Java EE 8 platform requires JavaMail 1.6.

Java Authorization Contract for Containers

The Java Authorization Contract for Containers (JACC) specification defines a contract between a Java EE application server and an authorization policy provider. All Java EE containers support this contract.

The JACC specification defines java.security.Permission classes that satisfy the Java EE authorization model. The specification defines the binding of container-access decisions to operations on instances of these permission classes. It defines the semantics of policy providers that use the new permission classes to address the authorization requirements of the Java EE platform, including the definition and use of roles.

The Java EE 8 platform requires JACC 1.5.

Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers

The Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers (JASPIC) specification defines a service provider interface (SPI) by which authentication providers that implement message authentication mechanisms may be integrated in client or server message-processing containers or runtimes. Authentication providers integrated through this interface operate on network messages provided to them by their calling containers. The authentication providers transform outgoing messages so that the source of each message can be authenticated by the receiving container, and the recipient of the message can be authenticated by the message sender. Authentication providers authenticate each incoming message and return to their calling containers the identity established as a result of the message authentication.

The Java EE 8 platform requires JASPIC 1.1.

Java EE Security API

The purpose of the Java EE Security API specification is to modernize and simplify the security APIs by simultaneously establishing common approaches and mechanisms and removing the more complex APIs from the developer view where possible. Java EE Security introduces the following APIs:

  • SecurityContext interface: Provides a common, uniform access point that enables an application to test aspects of caller data and grant or deny access to resources.
  • HttpAuthenticationMechanism interface: Authenticates callers of a web application, and is specified only for use in the servlet container.
  • IdentityStore interface: Provides an abstraction of an identity store and that can be used to authenticate users and retrieve caller groups.

The Java EE 8 platform requires Java EE Security API 1.0.

Java API for WebSocket

WebSocket is an application protocol that provides full-duplex communications between two peers over TCP. The Java API for WebSocket enables Java EE applications to create endpoints using annotations that specify the configuration parameters of the endpoint and designate its lifecycle callback methods.

The Java EE 8 platform requires Java API for WebSocket 1.1.

Java API for JSON Processing

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a text-based data exchange format derived from JavaScript that is used in web services and other connected applications. The Java API for JSON Processing (JSON-P) enables Java EE applications to parse, transform, and query JSON data using the object model or the streaming model.

In the Java EE 8 platform, new features of JSON-P include support for the following:

  • JSON Pointer: Defines a string syntax for referencing a specific value within a JSON document. JSON Pointer includes APIs for extracting values from a target document and transforming them to create a new JSON document.

  • JSON Patch: Defines a format for expressing a sequence of operations to be applied to a JSON document.

  • JSON Merge Patch: Defines a format and processing rules for applying operations to a JSON document that are based upon specific content of the target document.

  • The addition of editing and transformation functions to basic JSON document processing.

  • Helper classes and methods, called JSON Collectors, which leverage features of the Stream API that was introduced in Java SE 8.

The Java EE 8 platform requires JSON-P 1.1.

Java API for JSON Binding

The Java API for JSON Binding (JSON-B) provides a binding layer for converting Java objects to and from JSON messages. JSON-B also supports the ability to customize the default mapping process used in this binding layer through the use of Java annotations for a given field, JavaBean property, type or package, or by providing an implementation of a property naming strategy.

JSON-B is new to the Java EE 8 platform. The Java EE 8 platform requires JSON-B 1.0.

Concurrency Utilities for Java EE

Concurrency Utilities for Java EE is a standard API for providing asynchronous capabilities to Java EE application components through the following types of objects: managed executor service, managed scheduled executor service, managed thread factory, and context service.

The Java EE 8 platform requires Concurrency Utilities for Java EE 1.0.

Batch Applications for the Java Platform

Batch jobs are tasks that can be executed without user interaction. The Batch Applications for the Java Platform specification is a batch framework that provides support for creating and running batch jobs in Java applications. The batch framework consists of a batch runtime, a job specification language based on XML, a Java API to interact with the batch runtime, and a Java API to implement batch artifacts.

The Java EE 8 platform requires Batch Applications for the Java Platform 1.0.


Important: While this answer is still valid, you may also want to check the following:
• List of technologies of Java EE 8;
• List of technologies of Jakarta EE 8;
• List of technologies of Jakarta EE 9.

The Java EE 7 technologies

Below you will find a list of specifications for the Java EE 7 technologies. For more details, check the JSR pages:

  • Java EE Platform

    • JSR 342: Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 7 (Java EE 7)

  • Web Application Technologies

    • JSR 356: Java API for WebSocket
    • JSR 353: Java API for JSON Processing
    • JSR 340: Java Servlet 3.1
    • JSR 344: JavaServer Faces 2.2
    • JSR 341: Expression Language 3.0
    • JSR 245: JavaServer Pages 2.3
    • JSR 52: Standard Tag Library for JavaServer Pages (JSTL) 1.2

  • Enterprise Application Technologies

    • JSR 352: Batch Applications for the Java Platform
    • JSR 236: Concurrency Utilities for Java EE 1.0
    • JSR 346: Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java 1.1
    • JSR 330: Dependency Injection for Java 1.0
    • JSR 349: Bean Validation 1.1
    • JSR 345: Enterprise JavaBeans 3.2
    • JSR 318: Interceptors 1.2
    • JSR 322: Java EE Connector Architecture 1.7
    • JSR 338: Java Persistence 2.1
    • JSR 250: Common Annotations for the Java Platform 1.2
    • JSR 343: Java Message Service API 2.0
    • JSR 907: Java Transaction API (JTA) 1.2
    • JSR 919: JavaMail 1.5

  • Web Services Technologies

    • JSR 339: Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS) 2.0
    • JSR 109: Implementing Enterprise Web Services 1.3
    • JSR 224: Java API for XML-Based Web Services (JAX-WS) 2.2
    • JSR 181: Web Services Metadata for the Java Platform
    • JSR 101: Java API for XML-Based RPC (JAX-RPC) 1.1
    • JSR 67: Java APIs for XML Messaging 1.3
    • JSR 93: Java API for XML Registries (JAXR) 1.0

  • Management and Security Technologies

    • JSR 196: Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers 1.1
    • JSR 115: Java Authorization Contract for Containers 1.5
    • JSR 88: Java EE Application Deployment 1.2 (Optional)
    • JSR 77: J2EE Management 1.1
    • JSR 45: Debugging Support for Other Languages 1.0

  • Java EE-related Specs in Java SE

    • JSR 222: Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) 2.2
    • JSR 206: Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) 1.3
    • JSR 221: Java Database Connectivity 4.0
    • JSR 3: Java Management Extensions (JMX) 2.0
    • JSR 925: JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF) 1.1
    • JSR 173: Streaming API for XML (StAX) 1.0

For more details, refer to this page.

The Java EE stack

As mentioned by Arun Gupta in his book entitled Java EE 7 Essentials, the different components work together to provide an integrated stack, as shown below:

The Java EE stack

So, we have the following:

  • Different components can be logically divided into three tiers: backend tier, middle tier, and web tier. This is only a logical representation, and the components can be restricted to a different tier based upon the application's requirements.

  • JPA and JMS provide the basic services such as database access and messaging. JCA allows connection to legacy systems. Batch is used for performing noninteractive, bulk-oriented tasks.

  • Managed Beans and EJB provide a simplified programming model using POJOs to use the basic services.

  • CDI, Interceptors, and Common Annotations provide concepts that are applicable to a wide variety of components, such as type-safe dependency injection, addressing cross-cutting concerns using interceptors, and a common set of annotations. Concurrency Utilities can be used to run tasks in a managed thread. JTA enables Transactional Interceptors that can be applied to any POJO.

  • CDI Extensions allow you to extend the platform beyond its existing capabilities in a standard way.

  • Web Services using JAX-RS and JAX-WS, JSF, JSP, and EL define the programming model for web applications. Web Fragments allow automatic registration of third-party web frameworks in a very natural way. JSON provides a way to parse and generate JSON structures in the web tier. WebSocket allows the setup of a bidirectional, full-duplex communication channel over a single TCP connection.

  • Bean Validation provides a standard means to declare constraints and validate them across different technologies.

A briefing of each technology

To learn more about the main technologies listed above, check the Java EE 7 tutorial. And a good overview of the main technologies can be found in this page. Just quoting it here:

Enterprise JavaBeans Technology

An Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) component, or enterprise bean, is a body of code that has fields and methods to implement modules of business logic. You can think of an enterprise bean as a building block that can be used alone or with other enterprise beans to execute business logic on the Java EE server.

Enterprise beans are either session beans or message-driven beans.

  • A session bean represents a transient conversation with a client. When the client finishes executing, the session bean and its data are gone.

  • A message-driven bean combines features of a session bean and a message listener, allowing a business component to receive messages asynchronously. Commonly, these are Java Message Service (JMS) messages.

In the Java EE 7 platform, new enterprise bean features include the following:

  • Asynchronous local session beans in EJB Lite

  • Nonpersistent timers in EJB Lite

The Java EE 7 platform requires Enterprise JavaBeans 3.2 and Interceptors 1.2. The Interceptors specification is part of the EJB specification.

Java Servlet Technology

Java Servlet technology lets you define HTTP-specific servlet classes. A servlet class extends the capabilities of servers that host applications accessed by way of a request-response programming model. Although servlets can respond to any type of request, they are commonly used to extend the applications hosted by web servers.

In the Java EE 7 platform, new Java Servlet technology features include the following:

  • Nonblocking I/O

  • HTTP protocol upgrade

The Java EE 7 platform requires Servlet 3.1.

JavaServer Faces Technology

JavaServer Faces technology is a user interface framework for building web applications. The main components of JavaServer Faces technology are as follows:

  • A GUI component framework.

  • A flexible model for rendering components in different kinds of HTML or different markup languages and technologies. A Renderer object generates the markup to render the component and converts the data stored in a model object to types that can be represented in a view.

  • A standard RenderKit for generating HTML 4.01 markup.

The following features support the GUI components:

  • Input validation

  • Event handling

  • Data conversion between model objects and components

  • Managed model object creation

  • Page navigation configuration

  • Expression Language (EL)

All this functionality is available using standard Java APIs and XML-based configuration files.

In the Java EE 7 platform, new features of JavaServer Faces technology include the following:

  • HTML5-friendly markup

  • Faces Flows

  • Resource library contracts

The Java EE 7 platform requires JavaServer Faces 2.2 and Expression Language 3.0.

JavaServer Pages Technology

JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology lets you put snippets of servlet code directly into a text-based document. A JSP page is a text-based document that contains two types of text:

  • Static data, which can be expressed in any text-based format, such as HTML or XML

  • JSP elements, which determine how the page constructs dynamic content

For information about JSP technology, see the The Java EE 5 Tutorial at http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/5/tutorial/doc/.

The Java EE 7 platform requires JavaServer Pages 2.3 for compatibility with earlier releases but recommends the use of Facelets as the display technology in new applications.

JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library

The JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL) encapsulates core functionality common to many JSP applications. Instead of mixing tags from numerous vendors in your JSP applications, you use a single, standard set of tags. This standardization allows you to deploy your applications on any JSP container that supports JSTL and makes it more likely that the implementation of the tags is optimized.

JSTL has iterator and conditional tags for handling flow control, tags for manipulating XML documents, internationalization tags, tags for accessing databases using SQL, and tags for commonly used functions.

The Java EE 7 platform requires JSTL 1.2.

Java Persistence API

The Java Persistence API (JPA) is a Java standards–based solution for persistence. Persistence uses an object/relational mapping approach to bridge the gap between an object-oriented model and a relational database. The Java Persistence API can also be used in Java SE applications outside of the Java EE environment. Java Persistence consists of the following areas:

  • The Java Persistence API

  • The query language

  • Object/relational mapping metadata

The Java EE 7 platform requires Java Persistence API 2.1.

Java Transaction API

The Java Transaction API (JTA) provides a standard interface for demarcating transactions. The Java EE architecture provides a default auto commit to handle transaction commits and rollbacks. An auto commit means that any other applications that are viewing data will see the updated data after each database read or write operation. However, if your application performs two separate database access operations that depend on each other, you will want to use the JTA API to demarcate where the entire transaction, including both operations, begins, rolls back, and commits.

The Java EE 7 platform requires Java Transaction API 1.2.

Java API for RESTful Web Services

The Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS) defines APIs for the development of web services built according to the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style. A JAX-RS application is a web application that consists of classes packaged as a servlet in a WAR file along with required libraries.

The Java EE 7 platform requires JAX-RS 2.0.

Managed Beans

Managed Beans, lightweight container-managed objects (POJOs) with minimal requirements, support a small set of basic services, such as resource injection, lifecycle callbacks, and interceptors. Managed Beans represent a generalization of the managed beans specified by JavaServer Faces technology and can be used anywhere in a Java EE application, not just in web modules.

The Managed Beans specification is part of the Java EE 7 platform specification (JSR 342). The Java EE 7 platform requires Managed Beans 1.0.

Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE

Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE (CDI) defines a set of contextual services, provided by Java EE containers, that make it easy for developers to use enterprise beans along with JavaServer Faces technology in web applications. Designed for use with stateful objects, CDI also has many broader uses, allowing developers a great deal of flexibility to integrate different kinds of components in a loosely coupled but typesafe way.

The Java EE 7 platform requires CDI 1.1.

Dependency Injection for Java

Dependency Injection for Java defines a standard set of annotations (and one interface) for use on injectable classes.

In the Java EE platform, CDI provides support for Dependency Injection. Specifically, you can use injection points only in a CDI-enabled application.

The Java EE 7 platform requires Dependency Injection for Java 1.0.

Bean Validation

The Bean Validation specification defines a metadata model and API for validating data in JavaBeans components. Instead of distributing validation of data over several layers, such as the browser and the server side, you can define the validation constraints in one place and share them across the different layers.

The Java EE 7 platform requires Bean Validation 1.1.

Java Message Service API

The Java Message Service (JMS) API is a messaging standard that allows Java EE application components to create, send, receive, and read messages. It enables distributed communication that is loosely coupled, reliable, and asynchronous.

In the platform, new features of JMS include the following.

  • A new, simplified API offers a simpler alternative to the previous API. This API includes a JMSContext object that combines the functions of a Connection and a Session.

  • All objects with a close method implement the java.lang.Autocloseable interface so that they can be used in a Java SE 7 try-with-resources statement.

The Java EE 7 platform requires JMS 2.0.

Java EE Connector Architecture

The Java EE Connector Architecture is used by tools vendors and system integrators to create resource adapters that support access to enterprise information systems that can be plugged in to any Java EE product. A resource adapter is a software component that allows Java EE application components to access and interact with the underlying resource manager of the EIS. Because a resource adapter is specific to its resource manager, a different resource adapter typically exists for each type of database or enterprise information system.

The Java EE Connector Architecture also provides a performance-oriented, secure, scalable, and message-based transactional integration of Java EE platform–based web services with existing EISs that can be either synchronous or asynchronous. Existing applications and EISs integrated through the Java EE Connector Architecture into the Java EE platform can be exposed as XML-based web services by using JAX-WS and Java EE component models. Thus JAX-WS and the Java EE Connector Architecture are complementary technologies for enterprise application integration (EAI) and end-to-end business integration.

The Java EE 7 platform requires Java EE Connector Architecture 1.7.

JavaMail API

Java EE applications use the JavaMail API to send email notifications. The JavaMail API has two parts:

  • An application-level interface used by the application components to send mail

  • A service provider interface

The Java EE platform includes the JavaMail API with a service provider that allows application components to send Internet mail.

The Java EE 7 platform requires JavaMail 1.5.

Java Authorization Contract for Containers

The Java Authorization Contract for Containers (JACC) specification defines a contract between a Java EE application server and an authorization policy provider. All Java EE containers support this contract.

The JACC specification defines java.security.Permission classes that satisfy the Java EE authorization model. The specification defines the binding of container-access decisions to operations on instances of these permission classes. It defines the semantics of policy providers that use the new permission classes to address the authorization requirements of the Java EE platform, including the definition and use of roles.

The Java EE 7 platform requires JACC 1.5.

Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers

The Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers (JASPIC) specification defines a service provider interface (SPI) by which authentication providers that implement message authentication mechanisms may be integrated in client or server message-processing containers or runtimes. Authentication providers integrated through this interface operate on network messages provided to them by their calling containers. The authentication providers transform outgoing messages so that the source of each message can be authenticated by the receiving container, and the recipient of the message can be authenticated by the message sender. Authentication providers authenticate each incoming message and return to their calling containers the identity established as a result of the message authentication.

The Java EE 7 platform requires JASPIC 1.1.

Java API for WebSocket

WebSocket is an application protocol that provides full-duplex communications between two peers over TCP. The Java API for WebSocket enables Java EE applications to create endpoints using annotations that specify the configuration parameters of the endpoint and designate its lifecycle callback methods.

The WebSocket API is new to the Java EE 7 platform. The Java EE 7 platform requires Java API for WebSocket 1.0.

Java API for JSON Processing

JSON is a text-based data exchange format derived from JavaScript that is used in web services and other connected applications. The Java API for JSON Processing (JSON-P) enables Java EE applications to parse, transform, and query JSON data using the object model or the streaming model.

JSON-P is new to the Java EE 7 platform. The Java EE 7 platform requires JSON-P 1.0.

Concurrency Utilities for Java EE

Concurrency Utilities for Java EE is a standard API for providing asynchronous capabilities to Java EE application components through the following types of objects: managed executor service, managed scheduled executor service, managed thread factory, and context service.

Concurrency Utilities for Java EE is new to the Java EE 7 platform. The Java EE 7 platform requires Concurrency Utilities for Java EE 1.0.

Batch Applications for the Java Platform

Batch jobs are tasks that can be executed without user interaction. The Batch Applications for the Java Platform specification is a batch framework that provides support for creating and running batch jobs in Java applications. The batch framework consists of a batch runtime, a job specification language based on XML, a Java API to interact with the batch runtime, and a Java API to implement batch artifacts.

Batch Applications for the Java Platform is new to the Java EE 7 platform. The Java EE 7 platform requires Batch Applications for the Java Platform 1.0.

See also

To check the technologies of older Java EE versions, have a look at the following links:

  • Java EE 6 technologies
  • Java EE 5 technologies

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