access remote files on server with smb protocol python3

A simple example of opening a file using urllib and pysmb in Python 3

import urllib
from smb.SMBHandler import SMBHandler
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(SMBHandler)
fh = opener.open('smb://host/share/file.txt')
data = fh.read()
fh.close()

I haven't got an anonymous SMB share ready to test it with, but this code should work.
urllib2 is the python 2 package, in python 3 it was renamed to just urllib and some stuff got moved around.

I think you were asking for Linux, but for completeness I'll share how it works on Windows.

On Windows, it seems that Samba access is supported out of the box with Python's standard library functions:

import glob, os

with open(r'\\USER1-PC\Users\Public\test.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('hello')    # write a file on a distant Samba share

for f in glob.glob(r'\\USER1-PC\Users\**\*', recursive=True):
    print(f)   # glob works too
    if os.path.isfile(f):
        print(os.path.getmtime(f))  # we can get filesystem information