Adding padding to a tkinter widget only on one side

-pady {10,0}

this way you are mentioning padding on top as 10 and below as 0.

In python code, this might look like:

l = Label(root, text="hello" )
l.pack(pady=(10, 0)) 

There are multiple ways of doing that you can use either place or grid or even the packmethod.

Sample code:

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()

l = Label(root, text="hello" )
l.pack(padx=6, pady=4) # where padx and pady represent the x and y axis respectively
# well you can also use side=LEFT inside the pack method of the label widget.

To place a widget to on basis of columns and rows , use the grid method:

but = Button(root, text="hello" )
but.grid(row=0, column=1)

The padding options padx and pady of the grid and pack methods can take a 2-tuple that represent the left/right and top/bottom padding.

Here's an example:

import tkinter as tk

class MyApp():
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = tk.Tk()
        l1 = tk.Label(self.root, text="Hello")
        l2 = tk.Label(self.root, text="World")
        l1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=(100, 10))
        l2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=(10, 100)) 

app = MyApp()
app.root.mainloop()