Any faster way to check if lists in a list are equivalent?

A post about R and any variant of fast isn't complete without a solution featuring rcpp.

To maximize efficiency, picking the correct data structure will be of utmost importance. Our data structure needs to store unique values and also have fast insert/access. This is exactly what std::unordered_set embodies. We only need to determine how we can uniquely identify each vector of unordered integers.

Enter the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

The FTA states that every number can be uniquely represented (up to the order of the factors) by the product of primes numbers.

Here is an example demonstrating how we can use the FTA to quickly decipher if two vectors are equivalent up to order (N.B. P below is a list of primes numbers... (2, 3, 5, 7, 11, etc.):

                   Maps to                    Maps to              product
vec1 = (1, 2, 7)    -->>    P[1], P[2], P[7]   --->>   2,  3, 17     -->>   102
vec2 = (7, 3, 1)    -->>    P[7], P[3], P[1]   --->>  17,  5,  2     -->>   170
vec3 = (2, 7, 1)    -->>    P[2], P[7], P[1]   --->>   3, 17,  2     -->>   102

From this, we see that vec1 and vec3 correctly map to the same number, whereas vec2 gets mapped to a different value.

Since our actual vectors may contain up to a hundred integers less than 1000, applying the FTA will yield extremely large numbers. We can get around this by taking advantage of the product rule of logarithm:

logb(xy) = logb(x) + logb(y)

With this at our disposal, we will be able to tackle much larger numbers example (This starts deteriorating on extremely large examples).

First, we need a simple prime number generator (N.B. We are actually generating the log of each prime number).

#include <Rcpp.h>
using namespace Rcpp;

// [[Rcpp::plugins(cpp11)]]

void getNPrimes(std::vector<double> &logPrimes) {
    
    const int n = logPrimes.size();
    const int limit = static_cast<int>(2.0 * static_cast<double>(n) * std::log(n));
    std::vector<bool> sieve(limit + 1, true);
    
    int lastP = 3;
    const int fsqr = std::sqrt(static_cast<double>(limit));
    
    while (lastP <= fsqr) {
        for (int j = lastP * lastP; j <= limit; j += 2 * lastP)
            sieve[j] = false;
        
        int ind = 2;
        
        for (int k = lastP + 2; !sieve[k]; k += 2)
            ind += 2;
        
        lastP += ind;
    }
    
    logPrimes[0] = std::log(2.0);
    
    for (int i = 3, j = 1; i <= limit && j < n; i += 2)
        if (sieve[i])
            logPrimes[j++] = std::log(static_cast<double>(i));
}

And here is the main implementation:

// [[Rcpp::export]]
bool f_Rcpp_Hash(List x) {
    
    List tempLst = x[0];
    const int n = tempLst.length();
    int myMax = 0;

    // Find the max so we know how many primes to generate
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        IntegerVector v = tempLst[i];
        const int tempMax = *std::max_element(v.cbegin(), v.cend());
        
        if (tempMax > myMax)
            myMax = tempMax;
    }
    
    std::vector<double> logPrimes(myMax + 1, 0.0);
    getNPrimes(logPrimes);
    double sumMax = 0.0;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        IntegerVector v = tempLst[i];
        double mySum = 0.0;
        
        for (auto j: v)
            mySum += logPrimes[j];
        
        if (mySum > sumMax)
            sumMax = mySum;
    }

    // Since all of the sums will be double values and we want to
    // ensure that they are compared with scrutiny, we multiply
    // each sum by a very large integer to bring the decimals to
    // the right of the zero and then convert them to an integer.
    // E.g. Using the example above v1 = (1, 2, 7) & v2 = (7, 3, 1)
    //              
    //    sum of log of primes for v1 = log(2) + log(3) + log(17)
    //                               ~= 4.62497281328427
    //
    //    sum of log of primes for v2 = log(17) + log(5) + log(2)
    //                               ~= 5.13579843705026
    //    
    //    multiplier = floor(.Machine$integer.max / 5.13579843705026)
    //    [1] 418140173
    //    
    // Now, we multiply each sum and convert to an integer
    //    
    //    as.integer(4.62497281328427 * 418140173)
    //    [1] 1933886932    <<--   This is the key for v1
    //
    //    as.integer(5.13579843705026 * 418140173)
    //    [1] 2147483646    <<--   This is the key for v2
    
    const uint64_t multiplier = std::numeric_limits<int>::max() / sumMax;
    std::unordered_set<uint64_t> canon;
    canon.reserve(n);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        IntegerVector v = tempLst[i];
        double mySum = 0.0;
        
        for (auto j: v)
            mySum += logPrimes[j];
        
        canon.insert(static_cast<uint64_t>(multiplier * mySum));
    }
    
    const auto myEnd = canon.end();
    
    for (auto it = x.begin() + 1; it != x.end(); ++it) {
        List tempLst = *it;
        
        if (tempLst.length() != n)
            return false;

        for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
            IntegerVector v = tempLst[j];
            double mySum = 0.0;
            
            for (auto k: v)
                mySum += logPrimes[k];
            
            const uint64_t key = static_cast<uint64_t>(multiplier * mySum);
            
            if (canon.find(key) == myEnd)
                return false;
        }
    }
    
    return true;
}

Here are the results when applied to lst1, lst2, lst3, & lst (the large one) given by @GKi.

f_Rcpp_Hash(lst)
[1] TRUE

f_Rcpp_Hash(lst1)
[1] TRUE

f_Rcpp_Hash(lst2)
[1] FALSE

f_Rcpp_Hash(lst3)
[1] FALSE

And here are some benchmarks with the units parameter set to relative.

microbenchmark(check = 'equal', times = 10
               , unit = "relative"
               , f_ThomsIsCoding(lst3)
               , f_chinsoon12(lst3)
               , f_GKi_6a(lst3)
               , f_GKi_6b(lst3)
               , f_Rcpp_Hash(lst3))
Unit: relative
                 expr       min        lq      mean    median        uq       max neval
f_ThomsIsCoding(lst3) 84.882393 63.541468 55.741646 57.894564 56.732118 33.142979    10
   f_chinsoon12(lst3) 31.984571 24.320220 22.148787 22.393368 23.599284 15.211029    10
       f_GKi_6a(lst3)  7.207269  5.978577  5.431342  5.761809  5.852944  3.439283    10
       f_GKi_6b(lst3)  7.399280  5.751190  6.350720  5.484894  5.893290  8.035091    10
    f_Rcpp_Hash(lst3)  1.000000  1.000000  1.000000  1.000000  1.000000  1.000000    10


microbenchmark(check = 'equal', times = 10
               , unit = "relative"
               , f_ThomsIsCoding(lst)
               , f_chinsoon12(lst)
               , f_GKi_6a(lst)
               , f_GKi_6b(lst)
               , f_Rcpp_Hash(lst))
Unit: relative
                expr        min         lq       mean     median        uq       max neval
f_ThomsIsCoding(lst) 199.776328 202.318938 142.909407 209.422530 91.753335 85.090838    10
   f_chinsoon12(lst)   9.542780   8.983248   6.755171   9.766027  4.903246  3.834358    10
       f_GKi_6a(lst)   3.169508   3.158366   2.555443   3.731292  1.902140  1.649982    10
       f_GKi_6b(lst)   2.992992   2.943981   2.019393   3.046393  1.315166  1.069585    10
    f_Rcpp_Hash(lst)   1.000000   1.000000   1.000000   1.000000  1.000000  1.000000    10

About 3x faster than the fastest solution yet on the larger example.

What does this mean?

To me, this result speaks volumes to the beauty and efficiency of base R as displayed by @GKi, @chinsoon12, @Gregor, @ThomasIsCoding, and more. We wrote around 100 lines of very specific C++ to obtain a moderate speed up. To be fair, the base R solutions end up calling mostly compiled code and end up utilizing hash tables as we did above.


Hopefully 2nd time lucky

f <- function(lst) {
    s <- lapply(lst, function(x) {
        y <- x[order(lengths(x), sapply(x, min))]
        rep(seq_along(y), lengths(y))[order(unlist(y))]
    })
    length(unique(s))==1L
}

test cases:

# should return `TRUE`
lst1 <- list(list(1,c(2,3,4),c(5,6)),
    list(c(2,3,4),1,c(5,6)),
    list(1,c(2,3,4),c(6,5)))

# should return `TRUE`
lst2 <- list(list(1:2, 3:4), list(3:4, 1:2))

# should return `FALSE`
lst3 <- list(list(1,c(2,3,4),c(5,6)), list(c(2,3,4),1,c(5,6)), list(1,c(2,3,5),c(6,4)))

# should return `FALSE`
lst4 <- list(list(c(2,3,4),c(1,5,6)), list(c(2,3,6),c(1,5,4)), list(c(2,3,4),c(1,5,6)))

lst5 <- list(list(1,c(2,3,4),c(5,6)) #TRUE
    , list(c(2,3,4),1,c(5,6))
    , list(1,c(2,3,4),c(6,5)))
lst6 <- list(list(c(2,3,4),c(1,5,6)) #FALSE
    , list(c(2,3,6),c(1,5,4))
    , list(c(2,3,4),c(1,5,6)))
lst7 <- list(list(1,c(2,3,4),c(5,6)) #FALSE
    , list(c(2,3,4),1,c(5,6))
    , list(1,c(2,3,5),c(6,4)))

checks:

f(lst1)
#[1] TRUE
f(lst2)
#[1] TRUE
f(lst3)
#[1] FALSE
f(lst4)
#[1] FALSE
f(lst5)
#[1] TRUE
f(lst6)
#[1] FALSE
f(lst7)
#[1] FALSE

timing code:

library(microbenchmark)
set.seed(0L)
N <- 1000
M <- 100
l <- unname(split(1:N,findInterval(1:N,sort(sample(1:N,N/10)),left.open = T)))
lst <- lapply(lapply(1:M,
    function(k) lapply(l,
        function(v) v[sample(seq_along(v),length(v))])), function(x) x[sample(seq_along(x),length(x))])

f_ThomsIsCoding <- function(lst) {
    s <- Map(function(v) Map(sort,v),lst)
    length(setdiff(Reduce(union,s),Reduce(intersect,s)))==0
}

f_GKi_1 <- function(lst) {
    all(duplicated(lapply(lst, function(x) lapply(x, sort)[order(unlist(lapply(x, min)))]))[-1])
}

f_GKi_2 <- function(lst) {
    s <- lapply(lst, function(x) lapply(x, sort))
    all(duplicated(lapply(s, function(x) x[order(unlist(lapply(x, "[", 1)))]))[-1])
}


f <- function(lst) {
    s <- lapply(lst, function(x) {
        y <- x[order(lengths(x), sapply(x, min))]
        rep(seq_along(y), lengths(y))[order(unlist(y))]
    })
    length(unique(s))==1L
}

microbenchmark(times=3L,
    f_ThomsIsCoding(lst),
    f_GKi_1(lst),
    f_GKi_2(lst),
    f(lst)
)

timings:

Unit: milliseconds
                 expr       min        lq      mean    median        uq      max neval
 f_ThomsIsCoding(lst) 333.77313 334.61662 348.37474 335.46010 355.67555 375.8910     3
         f_GKi_1(lst) 324.12827 324.66580 326.33016 325.20332 327.43111 329.6589     3
         f_GKi_2(lst) 315.73533 316.05770 333.35910 316.38007 342.17099 367.9619     3
               f(lst)  12.42986  14.08256  15.74231  15.73526  17.39853  19.0618     3

After sorting you can use duplicated and all.

s <- lapply(lst, function(x) lapply(x, sort)) #Sort vectors
s <- lapply(s, function(x) x[order(vapply(x, "[", 1, 1))]) #Sort lists
all(duplicated(s)[-1]) #Test if there are all identical
#length(unique(s)) == 1 #Alternative way to test if all are identical

Alternative: Sort in one loop

s <- lapply(lst, function(x) {
  tt <- lapply(x, sort)
  tt[order(vapply(tt, "[", 1, 1))]
})
all(duplicated(s)[-1])

Alternative: Sort during loop and allow early exit

s <- lapply(lst[[1]], sort)
s <- s[order(vapply(s, "[", 1, 1))]
tt  <- TRUE
for(i in seq(lst)[-1]) {
  x <- lapply(lst[[i]], sort)
  x <- x[order(vapply(x, "[", 1, 1))]
  if(!identical(s, x)) {
    tt  <- FALSE
    break;
  }
}
tt

or using setequal

s <- lapply(lst[[1]], sort)
tt  <- TRUE
for(i in seq(lst)[-1]) {
  x <- lapply(lst[[i]], sort)
  if(!setequal(s, x)) {
    tt  <- FALSE
    break;
  }
}
tt

or improving slightly the idea from @chinsoon12 to exchange the list with a vector!

s <- lst[[1]][order(vapply(lst[[1]], min, 1))]
s <- rep(seq_along(s), lengths(s))[order(unlist(s))]
tt <- TRUE
for(i in seq(lst)[-1]) {
  x <- lst[[i]][order(vapply(lst[[i]], min, 1))]
  x <- rep(seq_along(x), lengths(x))[order(unlist(x))]
  if(!identical(s, x)) {tt <- FALSE; break;}
}
tt

or avoid the second order

s <- lst[[1]][order(vapply(lst[[1]], min, 1))]
s <- rep(seq_along(s), lengths(s))[order(unlist(s))]
y <- s
tt <- TRUE
for(i in seq(lst)[-1]) {
  x <- lst[[i]][order(vapply(lst[[i]], min, 1))]
  y <- y[0]
  y[unlist(x)] <- rep(seq_along(x), lengths(x))
  if(!identical(s, y)) {tt <- FALSE; break;}
}
tt

or exchange order with match (or fmatch)

x <- lst[[1]]
s <- "[<-"(integer(),unlist(x),rep(seq_along(x), lengths(x)))
s <- match(s, unique(s))
tt <- TRUE
for(i in seq(lst)[-1]) {
  x <- lst[[i]]
  y <- "[<-"(integer(),unlist(x),rep(seq_along(x), lengths(x)))
  y <- match(y, unique(y))
  if(!identical(s, y)) {tt <- FALSE; break;}
}
tt

Or without early exit.

s <- lapply(lst, function(x) {
  y <- "[<-"(integer(),unlist(x),rep(seq_along(x), lengths(x)))
  match(y, unique(y))
})
all(duplicated(s)[-1])

or written in C++

sourceCpp(code = "#include <Rcpp.h>
#include <vector>
using namespace Rcpp;
// [[Rcpp::plugins(cpp11)]]
// [[Rcpp::export]]
bool f_GKi_6_Rcpp(const List &x) {
  const List &x0 = x[0];
  const unsigned int n = x0.length();
  unsigned int nn = 0;
  for (List const &i : x0) {nn += i.length();}
  std::vector<int> s(nn);
  for (unsigned int i=0; i<n; ++i) {
    const IntegerVector &v = x0[i];
    for (int const &j : v) {
      if(j > nn) return false;
      s[j-1] = i;
    }
  }
  {
    std::vector<int> lup(n, -1);
    int j = 0;
    for(int &i : s) {
      if(lup[i] < 0) {lup[i] = j++;}
      i = lup[i];
    }
  }
  for (List const &i : x) {
    if(i.length() != n) return false;
    std::vector<int> sx(nn);
    for(unsigned int j=0; j<n; ++j) {
      const IntegerVector &v = i[j];
      for (int const &k : v) {
        if(k > nn) return false;
        sx[k-1] = j;
      }
    }
    {
      std::vector<int> lup(n, -1);
      int j = 0;
      for(int &i : sx) {
        int &lupp = lup[i];
        if(lupp == -1) {lupp = j; i = j++;
        } else {i = lupp;}
      }
    }
    if(s!=sx) return false;
  }
  return true;
}
")

Thanks to @Gregor for hints to improve the answer!


Performance:

library(microbenchmark)

microbenchmark(check = 'equal', times=10
  , f_ThomsIsCoding(lst1)
  , f_chinsoon12(lst1)
  , f_GKi_6a(lst1)
  , f_GKi_6b(lst1)
  , f_GKi_6_Rcpp(lst1)
  , f_Rcpp_Hash(lst1))
#Unit: microseconds
#                  expr        min         lq        mean     median         uq        max neval
# f_ThomsIsCoding(lst1) 161187.790 162453.520 167107.5739 167899.471 169441.028 174746.156    10
#    f_chinsoon12(lst1)  64380.792  64938.528  66983.9449  67357.924  68487.438  69201.032    10
#        f_GKi_6a(lst1)   8833.595   9201.744  10377.5844   9407.864  12145.926  14662.022    10
#        f_GKi_6b(lst1)   8815.592   8913.950   9877.4948   9112.924  10941.261  12553.845    10
#    f_GKi_6_Rcpp(lst1)    394.754    426.489    539.1494    439.644    451.375   1327.885    10
#     f_Rcpp_Hash(lst1)    327.665    374.409    499.4080    398.101    495.034   1198.674    10

microbenchmark(check = 'equal', times=10
  , f_ThomsIsCoding(lst2)
  , f_chinsoon12(lst2)
  , f_GKi_6a(lst2)
  , f_GKi_6b(lst2)
  , f_GKi_6_Rcpp(lst2)
  , f_Rcpp_Hash(lst2))
#Unit: microseconds
#                  expr       min        lq        mean      median         uq        max neval
# f_ThomsIsCoding(lst2) 93808.603 99663.651 103358.2039 104676.1600 107124.879 107485.696    10
#    f_chinsoon12(lst2)   131.320   147.192    192.5354    188.1935    205.053    337.062    10
#        f_GKi_6a(lst2)  8630.970  9554.279  10681.9510   9753.2670  11970.377  13489.243    10
#        f_GKi_6b(lst2)    39.736    47.916     61.3929     52.7755     63.026    110.808    10
#    f_GKi_6_Rcpp(lst2)    43.017    51.022     72.8736     76.3465     86.527    116.060    10
#     f_Rcpp_Hash(lst2)     3.667     4.237     20.5887     16.3000     18.031     96.728    10

microbenchmark(check = 'equal', times=10
  , f_ThomsIsCoding(lst3)
  , f_chinsoon12(lst3)
  , f_GKi_6a(lst3)
  , f_GKi_6b(lst3)
  , f_GKi_6_Rcpp(lst3)
  , f_Rcpp_Hash(lst3))
#Unit: microseconds
#                  expr        min         lq        mean      median         uq        max neval
# f_ThomsIsCoding(lst3) 157660.501 166914.782 167067.2512 167204.9065 168055.941 177153.694    10
#    f_chinsoon12(lst3)    139.157    181.019    183.9257    188.0950    198.249    211.860    10
#        f_GKi_6a(lst3)   9484.496   9617.471  10709.3950  10056.1865  11812.037  12830.560    10
#        f_GKi_6b(lst3)     33.583     36.338     47.1577     42.6540     63.469     66.640    10
#    f_GKi_6_Rcpp(lst3)     60.010     60.455     89.4963     94.7220    104.271    121.431    10
#     f_Rcpp_Hash(lst3)      4.404      5.518      9.9811      6.5115     17.396     20.090    10

microbenchmark(check = 'equal', times=10
  , f_ThomsIsCoding(lst4)
  , f_chinsoon12(lst4)
  , f_GKi_6a(lst4)
  , f_GKi_6b(lst4)
  , f_GKi_6_Rcpp(lst4)
  , f_Rcpp_Hash(lst4))
#Unit: milliseconds
#                  expr         min          lq       mean      median          uq        max neval
# f_ThomsIsCoding(lst4) 1874.129146 1937.643431 2012.99077 2002.460746 2134.072981 2187.46886    10
#    f_chinsoon12(lst4)   69.949917   74.393779   80.25362   76.595763   87.116571  100.57917    10
#        f_GKi_6a(lst4)   23.259178   23.328548   27.62690   28.856612   30.675259   32.57509    10
#        f_GKi_6b(lst4)   22.200969   22.326122   24.20769   23.023687   23.619360   31.74266    10
#    f_GKi_6_Rcpp(lst4)    8.062451    8.228526   10.30559    8.363314   13.425531   13.80677    10
#     f_Rcpp_Hash(lst4)    6.551370    6.586025    7.22958    6.724232    6.809745   11.97631    10

Libraries:

system.time(install.packages("Rcpp"))
#       User      System verstrichen 
#     27.576       1.147      29.396 

system.time(library(Rcpp))
#       User      System verstrichen 
#      0.070       0.000       0.071 

Functions:

system.time({f_ThomsIsCoding <- function(lst) {
  s <- Map(function(v) Map(sort,v),lst)
  length(setdiff(Reduce(union,s),Reduce(intersect,s)))==0
}})
#       User      System verstrichen 
#          0           0           0 

#like GKi's solution to stop early when diff is detected
system.time({f_chinsoon12  <- function(lst) {
    x <- lst[[1L]]
    y <- x[order(lengths(x), sapply(x, min))]
    a <- rep(seq_along(y), lengths(y))[order(unlist(y))]
    for(x in lst[-1L]) {
        y <- x[order(lengths(x), sapply(x, min))]
        a2 <- rep(seq_along(y), lengths(y))[order(unlist(y))]
        if(!identical(a, a2)) {
            return(FALSE)
        }
    }
    TRUE
}})
#       User      System verstrichen 
#          0           0           0 

system.time({f_GKi_6a <- function(lst) {
  all(duplicated(lapply(lst, function(x) {
    y <- "[<-"(integer(),unlist(x),rep(seq_along(x), lengths(x)))
    match(y, unique(y))
  }))[-1])
}})
#      User      System verstrichen 
#          0           0           0 

system.time({f_GKi_6b <- function(lst) {
  x <- lst[[1]]
  s <- "[<-"(integer(),unlist(x),rep(seq_along(x), lengths(x)))
  s <- match(s, unique(s))
  for(i in seq(lst)[-1]) {
    x <- lst[[i]]
    y <- "[<-"(integer(),unlist(x),rep(seq_along(x), lengths(x)))
    y <- match(y, unique(y))
    if(!identical(s, y)) return(FALSE)
  }
  TRUE
}})
#       User      System verstrichen 
#          0           0           0 

system.time({sourceCpp(code = "#include <Rcpp.h>
#include <vector>
using namespace Rcpp;
// [[Rcpp::plugins(cpp11)]]
// [[Rcpp::export]]
bool f_GKi_6_Rcpp(const List &x) {
  const List &x0 = x[0];
  const unsigned int n = x0.length();
  unsigned int nn = 0;
  for (List const &i : x0) {nn += i.length();}
  std::vector<int> s(nn);
  for (unsigned int i=0; i<n; ++i) {
    const IntegerVector &v = x0[i];
    for (int const &j : v) {
      if(j > nn) return false;
      s[j-1] = i;
    }
  }
  {
    std::vector<int> lup(n, -1);
    int j = 0;
    for(int &i : s) {
      if(lup[i] < 0) {lup[i] = j++;}
      i = lup[i];
    }
  }
  for (List const &i : x) {
    if(i.length() != n) return false;
    std::vector<int> sx(nn);
    for(unsigned int j=0; j<n; ++j) {
      const IntegerVector &v = i[j];
      for (int const &k : v) {
        if(k > nn) return false;
        sx[k-1] = j;
      }
    }
    {
      std::vector<int> lup(n, -1);
      int j = 0;
      for(int &i : sx) {
        int &lupp = lup[i];
        if(lupp == -1) {lupp = j; i = j++;
        } else {i = lupp;}
      }
    }
    if(s!=sx) return false;
  }
  return true;
}
")})
#       User      System verstrichen 
#      3.265       0.217       3.481 

system.time({sourceCpp(code = "#include <Rcpp.h>
using namespace Rcpp;

// [[Rcpp::plugins(cpp11)]]

void getNPrimes(std::vector<double> &logPrimes) {
    const int n = logPrimes.size();
    const int limit = static_cast<int>(2.0 * static_cast<double>(n) * std::log(n));
    std::vector<bool> sieve(limit + 1, true);
    int lastP = 3;
    const int fsqr = std::sqrt(static_cast<double>(limit));

    while (lastP <= fsqr) {
        for (int j = lastP * lastP; j <= limit; j += 2 * lastP)
            sieve[j] = false;
        int ind = 2;
        for (int k = lastP + 2; !sieve[k]; k += 2)
            ind += 2;
        lastP += ind;
    }
    logPrimes[0] = std::log(2.0);
    for (int i = 3, j = 1; i <= limit && j < n; i += 2)
        if (sieve[i])
            logPrimes[j++] = std::log(static_cast<double>(i));
}

// [[Rcpp::export]]
bool f_Rcpp_Hash(List x) {
    List tempLst = x[0];
    const int n = tempLst.length();
    int myMax = 0;
    // Find the max so we know how many primes to generate
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        IntegerVector v = tempLst[i];
        const int tempMax = *std::max_element(v.cbegin(), v.cend());
        if (tempMax > myMax)
            myMax = tempMax;
    }
    std::vector<double> logPrimes(myMax + 1, 0.0);
    getNPrimes(logPrimes);
    double sumMax = 0.0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        IntegerVector v = tempLst[i];
        double mySum = 0.0;
        for (auto j: v)
            mySum += logPrimes[j];
        if (mySum > sumMax)
            sumMax = mySum;
    }
    const uint64_t multiplier = std::numeric_limits<int>::max() / sumMax;
    std::unordered_set<uint64_t> canon;
    canon.reserve(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        IntegerVector v = tempLst[i];
        double mySum = 0.0;
        for (auto j: v)
            mySum += logPrimes[j];
        canon.insert(static_cast<uint64_t>(multiplier * mySum));
    }
    const auto myEnd = canon.end();
    for (auto it = x.begin() + 1; it != x.end(); ++it) {
        List tempLst = *it;
        if (tempLst.length() != n)
            return false;
        for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
            IntegerVector v = tempLst[j];
            double mySum = 0.0;
            for (auto k: v)
                mySum += logPrimes[k];
            const uint64_t key = static_cast<uint64_t>(multiplier * mySum);
            if (canon.find(key) == myEnd)
                return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}
")})
#       User      System verstrichen 
#      3.507       0.155       3.662 

Data:

lst1 <- list(list(1,c(2,3,4),c(5,6)) #TRUE
           , list(c(2,3,4),1,c(5,6))
           , list(1,c(2,3,4),c(6,5)))
lst2 <- list(list(c(2,3,4),c(1,5,6)) #FALSE
           , list(c(2,3,6),c(1,5,4))
           , list(c(2,3,4),c(1,5,6)))
lst3 <- list(list(1,c(2,3,4),c(5,6)) #FALSE
           , list(c(2,3,4),1,c(5,6))
           , list(1,c(2,3,5),c(6,4)))
set.seed(7)
N  <- 1e3
lst1 <- lst1[sample(seq(lst1), N, TRUE)]
lst2 <- lst2[sample(seq(lst2), N, TRUE)]
lst3 <- lst3[sample(seq(lst3), N, TRUE)]
N <- 1000
M <- 500
l <- unname(split(1:N,findInterval(1:N,sort(sample(1:N,N/10)),left.open = T)))
lst4 <- lapply(lapply(1:M, 
                     function(k) lapply(l, 
                                        function(v) v[sample(seq_along(v),length(v))])), function(x) x[sample(seq_along(x),length(x))])