Backspace and arrow keys aren't working in IRB(Git Bash console) on windows machine

Same thing happened to me. Running irb with --noreadline solved my problem:

irb --noreadline

You can also disable readline in ~/.irbrc

IRB.conf[:USE_READLINE] = false

Seems you didn't have readline installed while compile ruby. So install readline, maybe also readline-devel, then recompile ruby.