Bash - export environment variables with special characters ($)

You don't need eval at all, just use declare built-in in bash to create variables on-the-fly!

case "$key" in
  '#'*) ;;
   *)
       declare $key=$value
       export "$key"
esac

Just use single quotes:

export VAR2='d#r3_P{os-!kblg1$we3d4xhshq7=mf$@6@3l^'

Just escape the $ sign with backslash \

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