Best way to initialize (empty) array in PHP

$myArray = []; 

Creates empty array.

You can push values onto the array later, like so:

$myArray[] = "tree";
$myArray[] = "house";
$myArray[] = "dog";

At this point, $myArray contains "tree", "house" and "dog". Each of the above commands appends to the array, preserving the items that were already there.

Having come from other languages, this way of appending to an array seemed strange to me. I expected to have to do something like $myArray += "dog" or something... or maybe an "add()" method like Visual Basic collections have. But this direct append syntax certainly is short and convenient.

You actually have to use the unset() function to remove items:

unset($myArray[1]); 

... would remove "house" from the array (arrays are zero-based).

unset($myArray); 

... would destroy the entire array.

To be clear, the empty square brackets syntax for appending to an array is simply a way of telling PHP to assign the indexes to each value automatically, rather than YOU assigning the indexes. Under the covers, PHP is actually doing this:

$myArray[0] = "tree";
$myArray[1] = "house";
$myArray[2] = "dog";

You can assign indexes yourself if you want, and you can use any numbers you want. You can also assign index numbers to some items and not others. If you do that, PHP will fill in the missing index numbers, incrementing from the largest index number assigned as it goes.

So if you do this:

$myArray[10] = "tree";
$myArray[20] = "house";
$myArray[] = "dog";

... the item "dog" will be given an index number of 21. PHP does not do intelligent pattern matching for incremental index assignment, so it won't know that you might have wanted it to assign an index of 30 to "dog". You can use other functions to specify the increment pattern for an array. I won't go into that here, but its all in the PHP docs.

Cheers,

-=Cameron

In ECMAScript implementations (for instance, ActionScript or JavaScript), Array() is a constructor function and [] is part of the array literal grammar. Both are optimized and executed in completely different ways, with the literal grammar not being dogged by the overhead of calling a function.

PHP, on the other hand, has language constructs that may look like functions but aren't treated as such. Even with PHP 5.4, which supports [] as an alternative, there is no difference in overhead because, as far as the compiler/parser is concerned, they are completely synonymous.

// Before 5.4, you could only write
$array = array(
    "foo" => "bar",
    "bar" => "foo",
);

// As of PHP 5.4, the following is synonymous with the above
$array = [
    "foo" => "bar",
    "bar" => "foo",
];

If you need to support older versions of PHP, use the former syntax. There's also an argument for readability but, being a long-time JS developer, the latter seems rather natural to me.  I actually made the mistake of trying to initialise arrays using [] when I was first learning PHP.

This change to the language was originally proposed and rejected due to a majority vote against by core developers with the following reason:

This patch will not be accepted because slight majority of the core developers voted against. Though if you take a accumulated mean between core developers and userland votes seems to show the opposite it would be irresponsible to submit a patch witch is not supported or maintained in the long run.

However, it appears there was a change of heart leading up to 5.4, perhaps influenced by the implementations of support for popular databases like MongoDB (which use ECMAScript syntax).