Apple - Bluetooth peripherals randomly disconnecting under Mavericks

I was able to overcome the problem with this quick fix. So whenever you loose bluetooth connectivity just run the following commands in the terminal

$ sudo kextunload -b com.apple.iokit.BroadcomBluetoothHostControllerUSBTransport
$ sudo kextload -b com.apple.iokit.BroadcomBluetoothHostControllerUSBTransport

You will regain connectivity.

I had the same issues and I was able to fix it by deleting the bluetooth settings as Andrew suggested in 3, in combination with also killing the preference cache (see http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13727_7-57617236-263/how-to-tackle-defaults-not-sticking-in-mavericks/). Without killing the cache daemon, I wasn't able to solve the problem. So here's what I did:

rm /Library/Preferences/com.apple.Bluetooth.plist
killall -u yourusername cfprefsd

If I remember correctly, I issued both commands multiple times to make sure all Bluetooth settings.

Hope this helps!

I have the same issue routinely. I solve it by opening the "Activity Monitor", Selecting the "kextd" process under the CPU tab, and quitting the process. It will immediately restart and bluetooth connectivity is restored. This is more of a workaround than a fix but is quick and effective for me.