how to convert a lower case string into uppercase in cpp code example

Example 1: convert whole string to uppercase c++

#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
int main() 
{ 
    string s = "Viet Nam"; 
    transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), ::toupper);  //uppercase
    cout << s << endl; 
    return 0; 
}

Example 2: convert from uppercase to lowercase c++

int i = 0;
    while(str[i])
    {
        if(str[i] == std::toupper(str[i]) && std::isalpha(str[i]) == 1024)
        str[i]+= 32;
        ++i;
    }