c program for depth first search using time complexity code example

Example 1: DFS program in c

// DFS algorithm in C

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct node {
  int vertex;
  struct node* next;
};

struct node* createNode(int v);

struct Graph {
  int numVertices;
  int* visited;

  // We need int** to store a two dimensional array.
  // Similary, we need struct node** to store an array of Linked lists
  struct node** adjLists;
};

// DFS algo
void DFS(struct Graph* graph, int vertex) {
  struct node* adjList = graph->adjLists[vertex];
  struct node* temp = adjList;

  graph->visited[vertex] = 1;
  printf("Visited %d \n", vertex);

  while (temp != NULL) {
    int connectedVertex = temp->vertex;

    if (graph->visited[connectedVertex] == 0) {
      DFS(graph, connectedVertex);
    }
    temp = temp->next;
  }
}

// Create a node
struct node* createNode(int v) {
  struct node* newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
  newNode->vertex = v;
  newNode->next = NULL;
  return newNode;
}

// Create graph
struct Graph* createGraph(int vertices) {
  struct Graph* graph = malloc(sizeof(struct Graph));
  graph->numVertices = vertices;

  graph->adjLists = malloc(vertices * sizeof(struct node*));

  graph->visited = malloc(vertices * sizeof(int));

  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < vertices; i++) {
    graph->adjLists[i] = NULL;
    graph->visited[i] = 0;
  }
  return graph;
}

// Add edge
void addEdge(struct Graph* graph, int src, int dest) {
  // Add edge from src to dest
  struct node* newNode = createNode(dest);
  newNode->next = graph->adjLists[src];
  graph->adjLists[src] = newNode;

  // Add edge from dest to src
  newNode = createNode(src);
  newNode->next = graph->adjLists[dest];
  graph->adjLists[dest] = newNode;
}

// Print the graph
void printGraph(struct Graph* graph) {
  int v;
  for (v = 0; v < graph->numVertices; v++) {
    struct node* temp = graph->adjLists[v];
    printf("\n Adjacency list of vertex %d\n ", v);
    while (temp) {
      printf("%d -> ", temp->vertex);
      temp = temp->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
  }
}

int main() {
  struct Graph* graph = createGraph(4);
  addEdge(graph, 0, 1);
  addEdge(graph, 0, 2);
  addEdge(graph, 1, 2);
  addEdge(graph, 2, 3);

  printGraph(graph);

  DFS(graph, 2);

  return 0;
}     //code by Dungriyal

Example 2: DFS in c++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 

class Graph {
    int V; 
 
 
    list<int>* adj;
 
  
    void DFSUtil(int v, bool visited[]);
 
public:
    Graph(int V);
 
    void addEdge(int v, int w);
 
  
    void DFS(int v);
};
 
Graph::Graph(int V)
{
    this->V = V;
    adj = new list<int>[V];
}
 
void Graph::addEdge(int v, int w)
{
    adj[v].push_back(w); 
}
 
void Graph::DFSUtil(int v, bool visited[])
{
   
    visited[v] = true;
    cout << v << " ";
 
   
    list<int>::iterator i;
    for (i = adj[v].begin(); i != adj[v].end(); ++i)
        if (!visited[*i])
            DFSUtil(*i, visited);
}
 

void Graph::DFS(int v)
{
   
    bool* visited = new bool[V];
    for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
        visited[i] = false;
 
 
    DFSUtil(v, visited);
}
 

int main()
{
  
    Graph g(4);
    g.addEdge(0, 1);
    g.addEdge(0, 2);
    g.addEdge(1, 2);
    g.addEdge(2, 0);
    g.addEdge(2, 3);
    g.addEdge(3, 3);
 
    cout << "Following is Depth First Traversal"
            " (starting from vertex 2) \n";
    g.DFS(2);
 
    return 0;
}