C - The %x format specifier
%08x
means that every number should be printed at least 8 characters wide with filling all missing digits with zeros, e.g. for '1' output will be 00000001
Break-down:
8
says that you want to show 8 digits0
that you want to prefix with0
's instead of just blank spacesx
that you want to print in lower-case hexadecimal.
Quick example (thanks to Grijesh Chauhan):
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int data = 29;
printf("%x\n", data); // just print data
printf("%0x\n", data); // just print data ('0' on its own has no effect)
printf("%8x\n", data); // print in 8 width and pad with blank spaces
printf("%08x\n", data); // print in 8 width and pad with 0's
return 0;
}
Output:
1d
1d
1d
0000001d
Also see http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstdio/printf/ for reference.
The format string attack on printf you mentioned isn't specific to the "%x" formatting - in any case where printf has more formatting parameters than passed variables, it will read values from the stack that do not belong to it. You will get the same issue with %d for example. %x is useful when you want to see those values as hex.
As explained in previous answers, %08x will produce a 8 digits hex number, padded by preceding zeros.
Using the formatting in your code example in printf, with no additional parameters:
printf ("%08x %08x %08x %08x");
Will fetch 4 parameters from the stack and display them as 8-digits padded hex numbers.
That specifies the how many digits you want it to show.
integer value or * that specifies minimum field width. The result is padded with space characters (by default), if required, on the left when right-justified, or on the right if left-justified. In the case when * is used, the width is specified by an additional argument of type int. If the value of the argument is negative, it results with the - flag specified and positive field width.