Can I pass parameters to googletest test function

You could do something like the following:

main.cc

#include <string>
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
#include "my_test.h"

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  std::string command_line_arg(argc == 2 ? argv[1] : "");
  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
  testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new MyTestEnvironment(command_line_arg));
  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}

my_test.h

#include <string>
#include "gtest/gtest.h"

namespace {
std::string g_command_line_arg;
}

class MyTestEnvironment : public testing::Environment {
 public:
  explicit MyTestEnvironment(const std::string &command_line_arg) {
    g_command_line_arg = command_line_arg;
  }
};

TEST(MyTest, command_line_arg_test) {
  ASSERT_FALSE(g_command_line_arg.empty());
}

You should be using Type-Parameterized Tests. https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/advanced.md#type-parameterized-tests

Type-parameterized tests are like typed tests, except that they don't require you to know the list of types ahead of time. Instead, you can define the test logic first and instantiate it with different type lists later. You can even instantiate it more than once in the same program.

If you are designing an interface or concept, you can define a suite of type-parameterized tests to verify properties that any valid implementation of the interface/concept should have. Then, the author of each implementation can just instantiate the test suite with his type to verify that it conforms to the requirements, without having to write similar tests repeatedly.

Example

class FooTest: public ::testing::TestWithParam < int >{....};
    TEST_P(FooTest, DoesBar){
        ASSERT_TRUE(foo.DoesBar(GetParam());
    }

INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(OneToTenRange, FooTest, ::testing::Range(1, 10));

If you don't want to make your own main() function. You can also consider passing information via environment variables.

In my case I just wanted a flag to show debug information or not, so I used getenv().

Another option would be to put any needed information in a text file and read it from the test.