Can I use kwallet to manage PGP keys?

Unlocking

Is it possible to save the passwords in my kwallet in a way that automatically unlocks the keys as needed? If so, how can this be achieved?

As far as I know this cannot be done in kWallet. Use gpg-agent instead. You can make it's settings as liberal as you like, balanced between security and ease of access. Depending on which distribution you are running, the agent should work out of the box. Perhaps it's even already running in the background?

Other key management

I never used KeePass, so I don't know its features. However, kGPG might be worth looking at. It is a GUI front end to the system's GnuPG. Specifically, it also allows for low-ish level settings of GPG, including GPG agent.

GnuPG Settings

Here you can configure which gpg binary and which configuration file and home folder are used. These values are autodetected on first start and should already work.

Using the GnuPG agent makes work with GnuPG more comfortable as you do not need to type in your password for every action. It is cached in memory for a while so any operation that would require a password can immediately be done. Note that this may allow other people to use your private keys if you leave your session accessible to them.

kMail

The question also contains the kmail tag, so I will also elaborate on that. You might want to read the PGP configuration section and kmail FAQ, GnuPG section. If you have set up the keys using kGPG above, you don't have to be very worried about all the fat warning and the steps in the top part of the page. Just be informed about them.

Integration

Integration is actually happening implicit. kGPG just tells GnuPG which keys to create, modify, open and more actions. It lists in its interface what keys are on the system and their trust level etc. But in the background everything is stored in the ~/.gnupg directory in the GnuPG format. (I'm not sure if kGPG invokes GPG or is linked to GPG libraries, but the effect is the same)

kMail is just another kind of front end. It invokes the gpg command to access the keys stored in the same directory. For instance for signing, encrypting and decrypting.

The gpg-agent is session wide. Meaning, if you unlock a private key in kGPG, it will also be unlocked for kMail and visa versa.

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Edit

I just found kwalletcli, which provides kwallet bindings for pinentry. My distribution does not provide a package, so at this moment I'm unable to try it out.

You might have to manually install the package if your distro does not support it as well.

Once again, arch wiki comes along and saves the day:

Tip: For using /usr/bin/pinentry-kwallet you have to install the kwalletcli package.

~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf:
#pinentry interface with kdewallet
pinentry-program /usr/bin/pinentry-kwallet

Alternative

If you don't want to or can't install kwalletcli, you might be able to do some scripting using the kwallet-query command. You will have to have knowledge about which wallet to open to obtain the password. See man kwallet-query for more info.

However, gpg does not allow password input from STDIN by default, so you will need to configure gpg for it.

Note on ssh-agent

If you get gpg-agent to work properly, you can use it also as a ssh-agent.