Can talk to Zookeeper but not to the message brokers
I think that this is related to the TLS encryption. By default, MSK spins up a cluster that accepts both PLAINTEXT and TLS but if you are grabbing the bootstrap servers programmatically from the cluster it will only provide you with the TLS ports. If this is the case for you, try using the PLAINTEXT port 9092 instead.
To authenticate the client for TLS you need to generate a certificate: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/msk/latest/developerguide/msk-authentication.html and would then need to get this certificate onto your lambda and reference the certificate in your Producer configuration.
If you are able to configure your MSK cluster as PLAINTEXT only then when you grab the bootstrap servers from the AWS SDK it will give you the PLAINTEXT port and you should be good.