Can you create instance properties dynamically in PHP?

Sort of. There are magic methods that allow you to hook your own code up to implement class behavior at runtime:

class foo {
  public function __get($name) {
    return('dynamic!');
  }
  public function __set($name, $value) {
    $this->internalData[$name] = $value;
  }
}

That's an example for dynamic getter and setter methods, it allows you to execute behavior whenever an object property is accessed. For example

print(new foo()->someProperty);

would print, in this case, "dynamic!" and you could also assign a value to an arbitrarily named property in which case the __set() method is silently invoked. The __call($name, $params) method does the same for object method calls. Very useful in special cases. But most of the time, you'll get by with:

class foo {
  public function __construct() {
    foreach(getSomeDataArray() as $k => $value)
      $this->{$k} = $value;
  }
}

...because mostly, all you need is to dump the content of an array into correspondingly named class fields once, or at least at very explicit points in the execution path. So, unless you really need dynamic behavior, use that last example to fill your objects with data.

This is called overloading http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.overloading.php

You can use an instance variable to act as a holder for arbitrary values and then use the __get magic method to retrieve them as regular properties:

class My_Class
{
    private $_properties = array();

    public function __construct(Array $hash)
    {
         $this->_properties = $hash;
    }

    public function __get($name)
    {
         if (array_key_exists($name, $this->_properties)) {
             return $this->_properties[$name];
         }
         return null;
    }
}

Yes, you can.

class test
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        $arr = array
        (
            'column1',
            'column2',
            'column3'
        );

        foreach ($arr as $key => $value)
        {
            $this->$value = '';
        }   
    }

    public function __set($key, $value)
    {
        $this->$key = $value;
    }

    public function __get($value)
    {
        return 'This is __get magic '.$value;
    }
}

$test = new test;

// Results from our constructor test.
var_dump($test);

// Using __set
$test->new = 'variable';
var_dump($test);

// Using __get
print $test->hello;

Output

object(test)#1 (3) {
  ["column1"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["column2"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["column3"]=>
  string(0) ""
}
object(test)#1 (4) {
  ["column1"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["column2"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["column3"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["new"]=>
  string(8) "variable"
}
This is __get magic hello

This code will set dynamic properties in the constructor which can then be accessed with $this->column. It's also good practice to use the __get and __set magic methods to deal with properties that are not defined within the class. More information them can be found here.

http://www.tuxradar.com/practicalphp/6/14/2

http://www.tuxradar.com/practicalphp/6/14/3

It depends exactly what you want. Can you modify the class dynamically? Not really. But can you create object properties dynamically, as in one particular instance of that class? Yes.

class Test
{
    public function __construct($x)
    {
        $this->{$x} = "dynamic";
    }
}

$a = new Test("bar");
print $a->bar;

Outputs:

dynamic

So an object property named "bar" was created dynamically in the constructor.