Can you determine a set of values from a set of sums?
No: both $(1, 1, 2, 2)$ and $(1, 1, 1, 3)$ give you the set $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\}$.
The answer is no.
Take the following subvectors:
$$A = (1, 1, 3)$$$$B = (1,2,2)$$It's easy to see that both vectors have a sum vector of $[1,2,3,4,5]$.