Can you use a for loop inside the condition of an if-else statement?

You should work out your condition first (ie is your array in order), and then feed that in to your if statement. Like so...

boolean isOrdered = true;

for(q = 0; q < 10; q++){
  if (values[q]>=values[q+1]){
    // in order
    }
  else {
    // not in order
    isOrdered = false;
    break; // we have found a false, so we can quit out of the for loop
    }
  }

if (isOrdered){
  // do something if the array is in order;
  }

You can do it if you refactor the logic into a method that returns a boolean:

if (isInOrder(values)) {
    //
}

private static boolean isInOrder(int[] array) {
    for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++)
        if (array[i] > array[i+1])
            return false;
    return true;
}