Change boolean Values?

You need to be aware that:

1. In Java, arguments are pass-by-value.
2. Boolean, the wrapper type of boolean, is immutable.

Because of 1 and 2, you have no way to change the state of the Boolean pass in the method.

You mostly have 2 choice:

Choice 1: Have a mutable holder for boolean like:

class BooleanHolder {
   public boolean value;  // better make getter/setter/ctor for this, just to demonstrate
}

so in your code it should look like:

void foo(BooleanHolder test) {
  test.value=true;
}

Choice 2: A more reasonable choice: return the value from your method:

boolean foo(boolean test) {
  return true;   // or you may do something else base on test or other states
}

the caller should use it like:

boolean value= false;
value = foo(value);
foo2(value);

This approach is preferrable as it fit better with normal Java coding practices, and by the method signature it gives hint to the caller that it is going to return you a new value base on your input

You named your parameter the same as an instance variable. Here, the parameter is the one referenced, not the instance variable. This is called "shadowing", where the simple name test as a parameter name shadows the instance variable also called test.

In foo, you changed the parameter test to true, not the instance variable test, which was unchanged. That explains why it doesn't go into the if block in foo2.

To assign the value, get rid of the parameter on foo, or use this.test to reference the instance variable.

this.test = true;

and

if (this.test)

You're passing the value of a primitive boolean to your function, there is no "reference". So you're only shadowing the value within your foo method. Instead, you might want to use one of the following -

A Holder

public static class BooleanHolder {
  public Boolean value;
}

private static void foo(BooleanHolder test) {
  test.value = true;
}

private static void foo2(BooleanHolder test) {
  if (test.value)
    System.out.println("In test");
  else
    System.out.println("in else");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
  BooleanHolder test = new BooleanHolder();
  test.value = false;
  foo(test);
  foo2(test);
}

Which outputs "In test".

Or, by using a

member variable

private boolean value = false;

public void foo() {
  this.value = true;
}

public void foo2() {
  if (this.value)
    System.out.println("In test");
  else
    System.out.println("in else");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
  BooleanQuestion b = new BooleanQuestion();
  b.foo();
  b.foo2();
}

Which, also outputs "In test".