Change the language of the home/user/ folders automatically

When you told it to not ask you again, it probably removed the file

~/.config/user-dirs.locale

You can re-create that file. Assuming that the folders currently have English names, open a terminal window and run:

echo 'en_US' > ~/.config/user-dirs.locale

The popping window will show itself if you will change language again. You can use xprop command to get this window's name.

To update folder locations after you renamed/moved them, you have to edit .config/user-dirs.dirs and put there new folder locations.

And, finally, you have to run xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update or xdg-user-dirs-update.