char* - why is there no address in the pointer?

There is an overload for operator<<(ostream&, char const*) which output the null-terminated string starting at that pointer and which is preferred to the operator ostream::operator<<(void*) which would have output the address.

If you want the address, cast the pointer to void*.

The string is saved sequentially, starting from that position. The rules of C, inherited by C++ simply state that when you try to use a char * as a string, it will keep reading characters until encountering a 0 byte.

If you do want to get an address, tell cout to not interpret it as a "string":

std::cout << (void *)aString << std::endl;

---

EDIT

Where does the standard state that 0 == '\0'?

From a C++11 draft, section 2.3-3:

The basic execution character set and the basic execution wide-character set shall each contain all the members of the basic source character set, plus control characters representing alert, backspace, and carriage return, plus a null character (respectively, null wide character), whose representation has all zero bits.