Charging Mobile through Laptop? Any Ill effects?

In general there is no problem charging your mobile phone over the USB interface of your laptop.
Read: ExtremeTech: How USB charging works, or how to avoid blowing up your smartphone

I think a usual safety measure is to avoid placing things like passive USB hubs between the laptop and the mobile phone -- particularly, avoid connecting multiple devices on the same port with such techniques. These days I think even that is covered by the electronics in your laptop (the USB port survives such power pull).

I assume you mean through a USB port. There should be no damage.