Coalesce two string columns with alternating missing values to one

You may try pmax

df$c <- pmax(df$a, df$b)
df
#       a    b     c
# 1   dog <NA>   dog
# 2 mouse <NA> mouse
# 3  <NA>  cat   cat
# 4  bird <NA>  bird

...or ifelse:

df$c <- ifelse(is.na(df$a), df$b, df$a)

For more general solutions in cases with more than two columns, you find several ways to implement coalesce in R here.

dpyr has exactly what you are looking for, function coalesce()

library(dplyr)

a<-c("dog","mouse",NA,"bird")
b<-c(NA,NA,"cat",NA)

coalesce(a,b)

[1] "dog"   "mouse" "cat"   "bird"

I wrote a coalesce() function for this type of task which works much like the SQL coalesce function. You would use it like

dd<-read.table(text="a      b
dog    NA
mouse  NA
NA   cat
bird   NA", header=T)

dd$c <- with(dd, coalesce(a,b))
dd
#       a    b     c
# 1   dog <NA>   dog
# 2 mouse <NA> mouse
# 3  <NA>  cat   cat
# 4  bird <NA>  bird

Here's my attempt (modified by @MrFlick)

df$c <- apply(df, 1, function(x) na.omit(x)[1])
df
#       a    b     c
# 1   dog <NA>   dog
# 2 mouse <NA> mouse
# 3  <NA>  cat   cat
# 4  bird <NA>  bird