Coloring a binary mask image
ImageMultiply[im, Green] // AbsoluteTiming
versus 0.031786
for colorizeMask4
(fastest of the five in OP).
Alternatively, ColorCombine the mask with an all-black image:
im = Binarize[RegionImage[Annulus[], RasterSize -> 1024]];
black = ImageMultiply[im, 0];
ColorCombine[{black, im, black}] // AbsoluteTiming
this takes 0.001806 vs 0.019607 for colorizeMask4