Column and row padding in tables
The following suggestions are applicable to tabular
- and array
-like structures and for the most past applies to both text and math mode, including *matrix
environments.
Vertical padding
Vertical padding is possible in a global way using @Herbert's answer. That is, to redefine the array stretch factor <factor>
using
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{<factor>}
However, as the name suggests, this is a factor and not a length. So, it would be difficult to provide an adequate factor that would add (say) 15pt
above/below each row. There are other options available for this.
Vertical padding is also possible in a manual way or on a per-row basis using the optional parameter to end a tabular
line; \\[<len>]
where <len>
is any familiar TeX length. A final alternative is to use the set the length \extrarowheight
provided by the array
package.
Here's an example showing the above three possibilities:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[landscape]{geometry}% http://ctan.org/pkg/geometry
\usepackage{array}% http://ctan.org/pkg/array
\begin{document}
% =========== FACTOR approach ===========
{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2}%
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
column 1 & column 2 \\
\hline
I really would like this less & crammed \\
\hline
\end{tabular}} \quad
% =========== LENGTH approaches ===========
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
column 1 & column 2 \\[4ex]
\hline
I really would like this less & crammed \\[5pt]
\hline
\end{tabular} \quad
{\setlength{\extrarowheight}{20pt}%
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
column 1 & column 2 \\
\hline
I really would like this less & crammed \\
\hline
\end{tabular}}
\end{document}
Note how the "factor" approach is more evenly distributed than the "length" approaches. This is to be expected. However, these techniques can also be combined, if needed. Also, the use of \\[<len>]
provides "bottom padding", while setting \extrarowheight
adds "top padding". Finally, note the grouping within the example: \renewcommand
and \setlength
are made local by putting is inside {...}
. That is, the value/length of \arraystretch
/\extrarowheight
revert back to the original value before resetting it at the end of the group.
Horizontal padding
Similar approach to horizontal padding of columns exist. The use of tabularx
or tabulary
might be considered factor-based, as well as using \extracolsep{\fill}
. However, these all pertain to fixed-width tables, with the first being addressed in @cmhughes' answer. Here is a description of tabulary
usage, taken from the UK TeX FAQ entry on Fixed-width tables:
The
tabulary
package ... provides a way of "balancing" the space taken by the columns of a table. The package defines column specificationsC
,L
,R
andJ
, giving, respectively, centred, left, right and fully-justified versions of space-sharing columns. The package examines how long each column would be "naturally" (i.e., on a piece of paper of unlimited width), and allocates space to each column accordingly.
A length-based approach could include a per-column addition of a separate length using the @{...}
"column specifier". Also, modifying the length \tabcolsep
(or \arraycolsep
if you're working with an array
) would do this for all columns, and is therefore more generic. Finally, the array
package also provides a means for insert stuff before a column entry and after it using >{<before>}
and <{<after>}
. Here are some examples:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[landscape]{geometry}% http://ctan.org/pkg/geometry
\usepackage{array}% http://ctan.org/pkg/array
\begin{document}
% =========== FACTOR approach ===========
\begin{tabular*}{500pt}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}|l|l|}
\hline
column 1 & column 2 \\
\hline
I really would like this less & crammed \\
\hline
\end{tabular*}
\bigskip
% =========== LENGTH approaches ===========
\begin{tabular}{|@{\hspace{2em}}l@{}|l@{\qquad}|}
\hline
column 1 & column 2 \\
\hline
I really would like this less & crammed \\
\hline
\end{tabular} \quad
{\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2em}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
column 1 & column 2 \\
\hline
I really would like this less & crammed \\
\hline
\end{tabular}}
\medskip
\begin{tabular}{|>{\hspace{1pc}}l|l<{\hspace{-2pt}}|}
\hline
column 1 & column 2 \\
\hline
I really would like this less & crammed \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
Of course, if all columns should have the same specifier, using the "multiple column specifier" *{<num>}{<col spec>}
is a better choice.
In the above examples, geometry
was loaded to adjust for a possibly wide display.
Alternative padding approaches
Another way of regulating vertical padding would be to insert so-called (vertical) struts in the form of a zero-width rule (say). For example, using \rule{0pt}{2em}stuff
inserts a 2em
strut before stuff
, thereby increasing the vertical height of the cell containing stuff
. Similarly, padding below a cell could be achieved using \rule[-1em]{0pt}{1em}stuff
which drops the strut 1em
below the baseline.
The same goes for horizontal padding via zero-height struts.
Use a default tabular
environment without package booktabs
and add
right before and after the environment:
\bgroup
\def\arraystretch{1.5}% 1 is the default, change whatever you need
\begin{tabular}{|c|...}
...
\end{tabular}
\egroup
and also use column type c
instead of l
, If you want more horizontal space between the columns then use \setlength\tabcolsep{<whatever length>}
.
This is an old question, but I've run into the same problem, and all these solutions seemed too complex for my needs, namely in respect to horizontal padding. Looking for a rapid solution similar to the one proposed above for vertical padding (\arraystretch)
, I've found \setlength{tabcolsep}
to be a good candidate.
Applying it on the example, it would be:
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.5em} % for the horizontal padding
{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}% for the vertical padding
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
column 1 & column 2 \\
\hline
I really would like this less & crammed\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
and the following is the difference: