Connect the SMS Send Log to the SMSMessageTracking Data View
The short answer is that currently there is no way to accomplish this and there is no existing effort on SFMC end to correct this. The best you can do is soft matches on data and leave open the risk of potential data corruption due to mismatched records.
I created an 'idea' in the Trailblazer community - please add support to this and hopefully we can get some movement to resolve this issue.