Connection Between Knot Theory and Number Theory

The question seems very general, but the first book to come to mind is this:

The Arithmetic of Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds, with C. Maclachlan, Graduate Text in Math. 219, Springer-Verlag (2003)

I recommend Chao Li/Charmaine Sia's notes for a brisk and illustrated overview of the ever-growing MKR dictionary detailed in Knots and Primes. The first three or so chapters of the source book is rather accessible.

For the MKR dictionary, refer to the link in comments.

Currently, the most complete book presenting the connections between knot theory and number theory is "Knots and Primes. An Introduction to Arithmetic Topology" by Masanori Morishita (Springer, 2012). (It also presents much of the needed prerequisites, so it should be the first choice for somebody serious about self-studying the subject.)

If you feel confident enough that you already know the basics, it might be useful to take a look at "Primes and Knots" edited by Toshitake Kohno and Masanori Morishita (AMS, 2006). It contains the proceedings of two 2003 conferences on this topic and closely related ones (and, strangely, it is currently freely available, so grab it legally while you can!).