Correct way of declaring pointer variables in C/C++

There are no difference how to write. But if you want to declare two or more pointers in one line better to use (b) variant, because it is clear what you want. Look below:

int *a;
int* b;      // All is OK. `a` is pointer to int ant `b` is pointer to int
char *c, *d; // We declare two pointers to char. And we clearly see it.
char* e, f;  // We declare pointer `e` and variable `f` of char type.
             // Maybe here it is mistake, maybe not. 
// Better way of course is use typedef:
typedef char* PCHAR;
PCHAR g, h;  // Now `g` and `h` both are pointers.
// If we used define construction for PCHAR we'd get into problem too.

I personally prefer to place the * with the rest of the type

char* p;  // p is a pointer to a char.

People will argue "but then char* p, q; becomes misleading", to which I say, "so don't do that".

Bjarne Stroustrup said:

The choice between "int* p;" and "int *p;" is not about right and wrong, but about style and emphasis. C emphasized expressions; declarations were often considered little more than a necessary evil. C++, on the other hand, has a heavy emphasis on types.

A "typical C programmer" writes "int *p;" and explains it "*p is what is the int" emphasizing syntax, and may point to the C (and C++) declaration grammar to argue for the correctness of the style. Indeed, the * binds to the name p in the grammar.

A "typical C++ programmer" writes "int* p;" and explains it "p is a pointer to an int" emphasizing type. Indeed the type of p is int*. I clearly prefer that emphasis and see it as important for using the more advanced parts of C++ well.

Source: http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq2.html#whitespace

I'd recommend the latter style because in the situation where you are declaring multiple pointers in a single line (your 4th example), having the asterisk with the variable will be what you're used to.