javascript doubel question mark code example

Example 1: double question mark javascript

//Similar to || but only returns the right-hand operand if the left-hand is null or undefined
0 ?? "other" // 0
false ?? "other" // false
null ?? "other" // "other"
undefined ?? "other" // "other"

Example 2: javascript double question mark

let a = null;
const b = a ?? -1;		// Same as b = ( a != null ? a : -1 );
console.log(b);		  	// output: -1
//OR IF
let a = 9;
const b = a ?? -1;
console.log(b);  		// output: 9

//PS.,VERY CLOSE TO '||' OPERATION IN FUNCTION, BY NOT THE SAME