Data analysis internship not going well because of lack of programming background
Your problem doesn't seem to be programming per se, but rather how a programming language interacts with specific interfaces, environments, and libraries.
These are things you learn when you need them to. Trust me, you could be a computer science student and still not know any of this unless you had specifically worked with it before.
The good news is that it doesn't take that long to learn. You don't know how to use Python to interact with folders on a Windows 10 laptop? Google it, you'll figure it out in 1 minute. You don't know how to see the working directory? Google it, figure it out in a minute. And then just keep repeating that. Think up of questions that you think might be relevant to your current tasks, and find the answers.
Start now, and do it for some hours. You'll find that you'll get your head around it quickly. It really isn't that complicated, and you don't have to learn "how a computer thinks" (especially not in Python): you just have to memorize a few lines of code.
It's slightly different with a language like C++ which is more low-level: here, it can be helpful to know exactly what happens, but even still, if you can't understand it immediately, it's fine as long as you at least can memorize the code needed to accomplish the task.
Oh, and your co-workers being annoyed with an intern after 2 days: They're twats.
You are an intern, not a program lead. Relax a bit. Presumably people will understand that you are new at this.
That said, however, I'd suggest that you do a big push on Python. Find some code that they use already and absorb it. If they use Anaconda, then get familiar with that asap.
Your suggestion to talk to the person that interviewed you is a good one. Ask for their advice about coming quickly up to speed.
But part of the internship experience is to learn, not to bring real expertise to the team. They probably already have that. Of course, they set the tasks in the programming "test" and you did ok, so they are probably not as uncomfortable as you are.
You could also try to pick out one of the members who you are comfortable with and use them as a mentor, either explicitly or implicitly.
Others have given good advice. What I would add to this is that you should try to reframe your problem. You've identified the areas that you're struggling with - and that's OK, at the start of an internship. Rather than thinking "this is a problem, I shouldn't be here", instead ask yourself "what can I do to fix this?". Treat it as an opportunity to learn (which is, after all, what internships are for). If you're worried about asking too many basic questions of experienced people, then instead ask them if they can recommend a book or other resource that you could use to get up to speed.
And, as others have said, don't be afraid to google stuff continually. That's how most "real programmers" work most of the time these days :-)