Apple - Database program with CSV import and ad-hoc SQL queries?

Filemaker Pro will be your best bet overall. It is easier to use than Access, and will give you what you want and more. It's going to be a learning curve with anything if you're used to Access, so just jump in to one of them.

Filemaker Pro -

http://www.filemaker.com/products/filemaker-pro/

If you're wanting to do something SQL related though, then I'd check out the following: Sequelpro; Querious; Navicat; or MySQL Workbench.

Sequelpro is best out of all of these though, in my opinion, and it's completely free. Bam!

http://www.sequelpro.com/

Base by Menial is a fantastic SQLite editor that can do what you're looking for. You can buy it from their website or from the Mac App Store.

Check out SQLite and a tool like Base 2 from http://menial.co.uk/software/base/. I have not personally used it but it seems to be what you are looking for. The beauty of SQLite is the database is self contained.