Describe the concept of Merge sort code example

Example 1: merge sort algo

def mergeSort(arr): 
    if len(arr) >1: 
        mid = len(arr)//2 # Finding the mid of the array 
        L = arr[:mid] # Dividing the array elements  
        R = arr[mid:] # into 2 halves 
  
        mergeSort(L) # Sorting the first half 
        mergeSort(R) # Sorting the second half 
  
        i = j = k = 0
          
        # Copy data to temp arrays L[] and R[] 
        while i < len(L) and j < len(R): 
            if L[i] < R[j]: 
                arr[k] = L[i] 
                i+= 1
            else: 
                arr[k] = R[j] 
                j+= 1
            k+= 1
          
        # Checking if any element was left 
        while i < len(L): 
            arr[k] = L[i] 
            i+= 1
            k+= 1
          
        while j < len(R): 
            arr[k] = R[j] 
            j+= 1
            k+= 1
  
# Code to print the list 
def printList(arr): 
    for i in range(len(arr)):         
        print(arr[i], end =" ") 
    print() 
  
# driver code to test the above code 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
    arr = [12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7]  
    print ("Given array is", end ="\n")  
    printList(arr) 
    mergeSort(arr) 
    print("Sorted array is: ", end ="\n") 
    printList(arr)

Example 2: merge sort algorithm

/*  
    a[] is the array, p is starting index, that is 0, 
    and r is the last index of array. 
*/

#include <stdio.h>

// lets take a[5] = {32, 45, 67, 2, 7} as the array to be sorted.

// merge sort function
void mergeSort(int a[], int p, int r)
{
    int q;
    if(p < r)
    {
        q = (p + r) / 2;
        mergeSort(a, p, q);
        mergeSort(a, q+1, r);
        merge(a, p, q, r);
    }
}

// function to merge the subarrays
void merge(int a[], int p, int q, int r)
{
    int b[5];   //same size of a[]
    int i, j, k;
    k = 0;
    i = p;
    j = q + 1;
    while(i <= q && j <= r)
    {
        if(a[i] < a[j])
        {
            b[k++] = a[i++];    // same as b[k]=a[i]; k++; i++;
        }
        else
        {
            b[k++] = a[j++];
        }
    }
  
    while(i <= q)
    {
        b[k++] = a[i++];
    }
  
    while(j <= r)
    {
        b[k++] = a[j++];
    }
  
    for(i=r; i >= p; i--)
    {
        a[i] = b[--k];  // copying back the sorted list to a[]
    } 
}

// function to print the array
void printArray(int a[], int size)
{
    int i;
    for (i=0; i < size; i++)
    {
        printf("%d ", a[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
}
 
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {32, 45, 67, 2, 7};
    int len = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    printf("Given array: \n");
    printArray(arr, len);
    
    // calling merge sort
    mergeSort(arr, 0, len - 1);
 
    printf("\nSorted array: \n");
    printArray(arr, len);
    return 0;
}