Destructuring Variables Performance

It's not necessarily true that a compiler/transpiler will always remove destructuring assignments as all evergreen browsers support destructuring natively as of 2020. As per, there is some evidence that as of at least 2018 the bytecode generated in V8 by a destructuring assignment is much more verbose than traditional function parameters:

Function Parameters:

function add(number1, number2){
  return number1 + number2;
}
const result = add(1,5);

Output bytecode:

[generating bytecode for function: add]
Parameter count 3
Frame size 0
   74 E> 0x2a2a0affd2a2 @    0 : 91                StackCheck 
   96 S> 0x2a2a0affd2a3 @    1 : 1d 02             Ldar a1
  111 E> 0x2a2a0affd2a5 @    3 : 2b 03 00          Add a0, [0]
  121 S> 0x2a2a0affd2a8 @    6 : 95                Return 
Constant pool (size = 0)
Handler Table (size = 16)

Destructured Assignment:

function add({number1, number2}){
  return number1 + number2;
}
const result = add({number1: 1, number2: 5});

Output Bytecode:

[generating bytecode for function: add]
Parameter count 2
Frame size 40
   74 E> 0x2c1d63b7d312 @    0 : 91                StackCheck 
         0x2c1d63b7d313 @    1 : 1f 02 fb          Mov a0, r0
         0x2c1d63b7d316 @    4 : 1d fb             Ldar r0
         0x2c1d63b7d318 @    6 : 89 06             JumpIfUndefined [6] (0x2c1d63b7d31e @ 12)
         0x2c1d63b7d31a @    8 : 1d fb             Ldar r0
         0x2c1d63b7d31c @   10 : 88 10             JumpIfNotNull [16] (0x2c1d63b7d32c @ 26)
         0x2c1d63b7d31e @   12 : 03 3f             LdaSmi [63]
         0x2c1d63b7d320 @   14 : 1e f8             Star r3
         0x2c1d63b7d322 @   16 : 09 00             LdaConstant [0]
         0x2c1d63b7d324 @   18 : 1e f7             Star r4
         0x2c1d63b7d326 @   20 : 53 e8 00 f8 02    CallRuntime [NewTypeError], r3-r4
   76 E> 0x2c1d63b7d32b @   25 : 93                Throw 
   76 S> 0x2c1d63b7d32c @   26 : 20 fb 00 02       LdaNamedProperty r0, [0], [2]
         0x2c1d63b7d330 @   30 : 1e fa             Star r1
   85 S> 0x2c1d63b7d332 @   32 : 20 fb 01 04       LdaNamedProperty r0, [1], [4]
         0x2c1d63b7d336 @   36 : 1e f9             Star r2
   98 S> 0x2c1d63b7d338 @   38 : 1d f9             Ldar r2
  113 E> 0x2c1d63b7d33a @   40 : 2b fa 06          Add r1, [6]
  123 S> 0x2c1d63b7d33d @   43 : 95                Return 
Constant pool (size = 2)
Handler Table (size = 16)

The number of bytecode lines increased significantly from 4 in the case of function parameters to 19 in the case of the destructured assignment. In conclusion destructured assignments are less computationally efficient than traditional function parameters, as of 2018 in V8. In terms of memory space utilization the answer is a bit more complex and can be referenced here.

This could be a premature optimization however in compute heavy code it may be advisable to consider not using destructuring assignments.

There won't be any performance issues as your code will be compiled/minify and so on.

Note that with React, your code will be transpiled which will do the same as

const color = props.color

Check the result on the babel compiler online tester