Difference between 'find -delete' and 'rm -rf'?

find . -name abd.txt -delete tries to remove all files named abd.txt that are somewhere in the directory tree of .

find . -wholename abd.txt -delete tries to remove all files with a full pathname of abd.txt somewhere in the directory tree of .

No such files will ever exist: when using find ., all full pathnames of files found will start with ./, so even a file in the current directory named abd.txt will have path ./abd.txt, and it will not match.

find . -wholename ./abd.txt -delete will remove the file in the current directory named abd.txt.

find -wholename ./abd.txt -delete will do the same.

The removal will fail if abd.txt is a nonempty directory.

(I just tried the above with GNU find 4.6.0; other versions may behave differently.)

rm -rf abd.txt also tries to remove abd.txt in the current directory, and if it is a nonempty directory, it will remove it, and everything in it.

To do this with find, you might use

find . -depth \( -wholename ./abd.txt -o -wholename ./abd.txt/\* \) -delete

While find -wholename GLOBPATTERN tries to match every file below the current directory (independent of the depth), the glob you used with the rm command is only matched against files which are directly (depth 1) under the current directory.

Btw. you don't need the -r switch to rm unless you want to recursively delete a directory (Because of the .txt extension, I assume you only want to delete regular files)