Apple - Disabling Voice Control, or at least muting it (iOS 10)
As of iOS 10.2.1 (maybe as early as 10.2), it is possible to disable Voice Control.
Settings > General > Accessibility > Home Button
There is a setting PRESS AND HOLD TO SPEAK
. Set this to Off
. The descriptive text is "There will be no response when you press and hold the Home button."
I would like to thank Bob Briscoe for providing this answer, which he received from Apple Support. Since the question is protected, he cannot post an answer himself, so I am posting on his behalf.
There seems to be no way to disable it under iOS 10.