docker build with Dockerfile, but the image has no name or tag

is your image building correctly? the name does not get set when there is an error in the build. This because every step in the build is a new image created and with an error you won't get to the last step with the correctly named image

btw you can set it manually with the tag command https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/tag/

Tag an image referenced by ID To tag a local image with ID “0e5574283393” into the “fedora” repository with “version1.0”:

docker tag 0e5574283393 ExampleApps/myapp:version1.0