Docker; Version '18.03.0.ce' for 'docker-ce' was not found

What ubuntu version do you run it on? (are ubuntu for windows has the same versions?)

Ubuntu Bionic doesnt support docker 18.03 yet so if you want to run it you need to add docker repo to apt as a supported version like described here:

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04-bionic-beaver

Create a new file for the Docker repository at /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list. In that file, place the following line:

deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu artful stable

(when bionic is supported you can change the artful to bionic again)

Next, you need to add Docker's GPG key:

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

Once, that's imported, update Apt again.

$ sudo apt update

and finally:

$ sudo apt install docker-ce

it worked for me on ubuntu bionic,

hope it helps!

It seems that you need to run the installation commands in sudo.

For Ubuntu xenial I use the following commands to install docker in an image:

RUN apt-get install apt-transport-https -yq \
 ca-certificates \
 curl \
 software-properties-common \
 sudo

RUN curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add - \
    && sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial stable" \
    && sudo apt-get update \
    && sudo apt-get install docker-ce=18.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu -yq

The instructions weren't entirely accurate - the example is incorrect. The version needs to be the exact string from apt-cache, e.g.

sudo apt-get install docker-ce=18.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu