Android - Does Android have support for IPv6?
As of Android 6.0, the majority of the IPv6 protocol seems to be supported with significant parts missing such as DHCPv6. Check this Google thread for more info, specifically the issues listed in this post.
Updating this question to say that as of Android 4.0, IPv6 is fairly well supported. There are still no visual indicators that it is running/working, but devices pick up IPv6 addresses and try to use them by default.