Download historical OpenStreetMap data

Historical OSM data is available in the OpenStreetMap Full History Dump file. You can dowload it as *.pbf or *.xml data. Extracs of selected countries can be downloaded from http://osm.personalwerk.de/full-history-extracts/ or from http://odbl.poole.ch/extracts/. I recommend you the OSM-history-splitter to generate extracts out of *.osh files and the OSM-history-renderer to render data from specific historical timestamps.

Another option is geofabrik website, which makes available OSM data in three different formats: .pbf , .shp and .XML for all countries and continents. The oldest datasets they have are from 2014-01-01.

http://planet.openstreetmap.org/ provides access to OSM data in different formats and for many different points in time.

In particular, PBFs are available at http://planet.openstreetmap.org/pbf/