Sharepoint - "Edit document in Word" with Chrome now produces an error
Just under a year ago Google removed the NPAPI plugin from its Chrome browser. Since this change one is no longer able to do a number of things with the Chrome browser in SharePoint.
It could be that your Chrome had not been updated for some time and the recent update has taken your browser to a version that has the NPAPI plugin removed.
Up until recently there was a workaround available, but since September this year even that has been phased out.
Microsoft were supposed to address this issue with updates to SharePoint, but it seems these have not been rolled out as of yet.
More details here.