Embedding SVG in PDF (exporting SVG to PDF using JS)

I'll reply to my own question. I ended up using DocRaptor that can be called client-side from JavaScript. This technically solves my problem, even though it is a non-free solution. If I the answer could be a server-side-solution, I could use wkhtmltopdf as proposed by Mic.

For anyone looking for a JS-only solution: PDFKit seems to be the superior solution to generate PDF from JS these days, and it supports all SVG geometry primitives (including interpreting path geometry strings) out of the box. All that would be needed to render existing SVG content would be a DOM-walker that keeps track of CSS styling and inheritance, if you do not require complex stuff like symbols etc.

I wasn't successful with the sketchy SVG support of the jsPDF/svgToPdf combo mentioned in the other answer, and the source code of these two didn't look very well-crafted and complete to me.

Edit: Usage example JSFiddle

jsPDF has a plugin for that: svgToPdf:

https://github.com/ahwolf/jsPDF/blob/master/jspdf.plugin.svgToPdf.js

I haven't tried it, but this could allow discarding the use of an external API and/or having to rely on a server-side solution.