Entity Framework 6 transaction rollback

You don't need to call Rollback manually because you are using the using statement.

DbContextTransaction.Dispose method will be called in the end of the using block. And it will automatically rollback the transaction if the transaction is not successfully committed (not called or encountered exceptions). Following is the source code of SqlInternalTransaction.Dispose method (DbContextTransaction.Dispose will finally delegate to it when using SqlServer provider):

private void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
    // ...
    if (disposing && this._innerConnection != null)
    {
        this._disposing = true;
        this.Rollback();
    }
}

You see, it checks if _innerConnection is not null, if not, rollback the transaction (if committed, _innerConnection will be null). Let's see what Commit does:

internal void Commit() 
{
    // Ignore many details here...

    this._innerConnection.ExecuteTransaction(...);

    if (!this.IsZombied && !this._innerConnection.IsYukonOrNewer)
    {
        // Zombie() method will set _innerConnection to null
        this.Zombie();
    }
    else
    {
        this.ZombieParent();
    }

    // Ignore many details here...
}

internal void Zombie()
{
    this.ZombieParent();

    SqlInternalConnection innerConnection = this._innerConnection;

    // Set the _innerConnection to null
    this._innerConnection = null;

    if (innerConnection != null)
    {
        innerConnection.DisconnectTransaction(this);
    }
}

As long as you will always be using SQL Server with EF, there is no need to explicitly use the catch to call the Rollback method. Allowing the using block to automatically rollback on any exceptions will always work.

However, when you think about it from the Entity Framework point of view, you can see why all examples use the explicit call to Rollback the transaction. To the EF, the database provider is arbitrary and pluggable and the provider can be replaced with MySQL or any other database that has an EF provider implementation. Therefore, from the EF point of view, there is no guarantee that the provider will automatically rollback the disposed transaction, because the EF does not know about the implementation of the database provider.

So, as a best practice, the EF documentation recommends that you explicitly Rollback -- just in case you someday change providers to an implementation that does not auto-rollback on dispose.

In my opinion, any good and well written provider will automatically rollback the transaction in the dispose, so the additional effort to wrap everything inside the using block with a try-catch-rollback is overkill.

1. Since you have written a 'using' block to instantiate the transaction, you do not need to mention the Rollback function explicitly since it would be automatically rolled back (unless it was committed) at the time of disposal.
2. But if you instantiate it without a using block, in that case it is essential to rollback the transaction in case of an exception (precisely in a catch block) and that too with a null check for a more robust code. The working of BeginTransaction is unlike transaction scope (which just needs a complete function if all the operations were completed successfully). Instead, it is akin to the working of Sql transactions.