Explain the difference between composition and inheritance. In which cases would you use each? code example

Example: inheritance vs composition

Inheritance should only be used when:

  Both classes are in the same logical domain
  The subclass is a proper subtype of the superclass
  The superclass’s implementation is necessary or appropriate for the subclass
  The enhancements made by the subclass are primarily additive.
  There are times when all of these things converge:
  Higher-level domain modeling
  Frameworks and framework extensions
  Differential programming

If you’re not doing any of these things, you probably won’t need class inheritance very often. 
The “preference” for composition is not a matter of “better”, it’s a question of “most appropriate” for your needs, in a specific context.

Hopefully these guidelines will help you out?