Exponential growth of cow populations in Minecraft

This is OEISA061418, interestingly the "example" is about Minecraft. The given solution for the $n$th term is

$$ a(n) = \lceil K*(3/2)^n \rceil $$

where $K=1.0815136685\dots$ and $K=(2/3) K(3)$ where the decimal expansion of $K(3)$ is here.

For clarification as to how this formula is used, suppose you want to know how many cows you have after the $10$th breeding cycle. First,

$$ K*(3/2)^n = (1.0815136685)*(3/2)^{10} \approx 62.3655 $$

Now we have to take the ceiling of this number, which just means rounding it up to the nearest integer. Therefore,

$$ a(10) = \lceil K*(3/2)^n \rceil = \lceil 62.3655 \rceil = 63 $$

which agrees with the sequence. Note that for very large $n$, you may need to use a more exact value of $K$ (which is why I posted that second link.)

What you are looking for is the solution to the recurrence: $$T(1) = 2$$ $$T(n) = T(n-1) + \left\lfloor \frac{T(n-1)}{2} \right\rfloor$$ Indeed this function grows as an exponential, since it behaves asymptotically like $$T(n) \approx 2 \left( \frac{3}{2} \right)^{n - 1}$$ Since $T(n)$ is always an integer, we can rewrite the recurrence as $$T(n) = \left\lfloor \frac{3}{2} T(n-1) \right \rfloor$$ This gives an efficient way to compute $T(n)$ iteratively. I'm not sure there is a useful closed form.