Find Category by ID in Magento Backend

and now it is possible :)

https://github.com/ProxiBlue/jumptocatid

(felt like something quick to work on before shut eye)

This places an input box above the category tree in admin, and allows you to jump to any category id entered.

Largely untested, so please adjust as needed

In the Magento backend, browse to Catalog -> URL Rewrite Management.

On this page you can search on ID Path. If you just type category/* where * is your category id, the request path will show you the category name.