Find euclidean distance from a point to rows in pandas dataframe

Translating [(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]^1/2 into pandas vectorised operations, you have:

df['distance'] = (df.lat.sub(11.344).pow(2).add(df.long.sub(7.234).pow(2))).pow(.5)         
df

       lat   long   distance
id                          
1   12.654  15.50   8.369161
2   14.364  25.51  18.523838
3   17.636  32.53  26.066777
5   12.334  25.84  18.632320
9   32.224  15.74  22.546096

Alternatively, using arithmetic operators:

(((df.lat - 11.344) ** 2) + (df.long - 7.234) ** 2) ** .5

Use vectorized approach

In [5463]: (df[['lat', 'long']] - np.array(L1)).pow(2).sum(1).pow(0.5)
Out[5463]:
0     8.369161
1    18.523838
2    26.066777
3    18.632320
4    22.546096
dtype: float64

Which can also be

In [5468]: df['distance'] = df[['lat', 'long']].sub(np.array(L1)).pow(2).sum(1).pow(0.5)

In [5469]: df
Out[5469]:
   id     lat   long   distance
0   1  12.654  15.50   8.369161
1   2  14.364  25.51  18.523838
2   3  17.636  32.53  26.066777
3   5  12.334  25.84  18.632320
4   9  32.224  15.74  22.546096

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Option 2 Use Numpy's built-in np.linalg.norm vector norm.

In [5473]: np.linalg.norm(df[['lat', 'long']].sub(np.array(L1)), axis=1)
Out[5473]: array([  8.36916101,  18.52383805,  26.06677732,  18.63231966,   22.5460958 ])

In [5485]: df['distance'] = np.linalg.norm(df[['lat', 'long']].sub(np.array(L1)), axis=1)