Firebase Authentication with multi-factor authentication
Firebase Authentication with multi-factor authentication should soon be available according to this Google I/O video
Update: June 2020
From March 12, 2020, It is now possible to set up multi-factor authentication using SMS as 2nd factor with Firebase for Google Cloud Identity Platform projects but this is a paid service. This article shows you how to add SMS multi-factor authentication to your web app.
I am quoting from github firebase repo. here.
Firebase Auth does not support multi-factor authentication. FirebaseUI cannot support this feature until the underlying SDK supports it. For 2-factor auth, 2 credentials need to be passed to get a Firebase ID token. Currently, one is enough to get an ID token. You can submit an official request for multi-factor auth with Firebase support.
However Multi-factor authentication itself works fine with Google account and FirebaseUI if it is enabled from Google settings.
hope it helps.