Flutter - How do I toggle the color of a RaisedButton upon click?

If you want the button to change color for the pressed state you just need to use the "highlightColor" property in RaisedButton

       RaisedButton(
          onPressed: () {},
          child: Text("Test"),
          highlightColor: YOUR_PRESSED_COLOR, //Replace with actual colors
          color: IDLE_STATE_COLOR,
        ),

Or you can use rxdart:

import 'package:rxdart/rxdart.dart';

...

bool presssedFavorite = false;
final _pressAttention = BehaviorSubject<bool>();
Observable<bool> get coursesStream => _pressAttention.stream;

...

StreamBuilder(stream: _pressAttention,
builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<bool> snapshot) {
if (snapshot.hasData)
  presssedFavorite = snapshot.data;

  return RawMaterialButton(
      onPressed: (){
        _addToFavorites(context);
      },
      child: Padding(
        padding: EdgeInsets.all(5),
        child: Icon(
          presssedFavorite ? Icons.favorite : Icons.favorite_border,
          color: Colors.red,
          size: 17,
        ),
      ),
    );
  },
),

void _addToFavorites(BuildContext context) async{
  //my code...
  _pressAttention.sink.add(!presssedFavorite);
}

It is more complicated, but you can use this solution also with web services, firestore, db... And you can use with StatelessWidget and StatefulWidget.

This button will need to be created in the build of a State of a StatefulWidget, and the State must have a member variable bool pressAttention = false;. As Edman suggests, you need to make state changes in a setState callback for the Widget to redraw.

new RaisedButton(
  child: new Text('Attention'),
  textColor: Colors.white,
  shape: new RoundedRectangleBorder(
    borderRadius: new BorderRadius.circular(30.0),
  ),
  color: pressAttention ? Colors.grey : Colors.blue,
  onPressed: () => setState(() => pressAttention = !pressAttention),
);