gcc ON arm/android

Since you asked about this in June, 2011, (or maybe starting right around that same time) there's something that does EXACTLY what you want called "Terminal-IDE." This is a much better answer than the one you checked off as correct because it doesn't rely upon cross-compilation as the checked answer does.

Terminal-IDE is an Integrated Development Environment that runs ON your Android device (just as you asked about), and has both a C compiler and Java (of course).

There's a Terminal-IDE web site with a more in-depth description and links to other resources.

NOTE: Since I wrote this reply, the author of Terminal-IDE has stopped supporting it. Please don't down-vote me because of that!

The process of building gcc (et al.) to run on your target should be similar to building a cross-compiler, excepting that you will:

• need to have an ARM cross compiler that runs on your, for example, x86 machine. So the results of your googleing are still useful.
• use the --host option to specify your ARM platform when running configure for all of the parts of your toolchain.