Get the public key from RSACryptoServiceProvider?

Your logic seems ok and it seems that you only need some sample code.

    using System;
    using System.Security.Cryptography;
    using System.Text;

    namespace RSA
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                try
                {
                    var rsaServer = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(1024);
                    var publicKeyXml = rsaServer.ToXmlString(false);

                    var rsaClient = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(1024);
                    rsaClient.FromXmlString(publicKeyXml);

                    var data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Data To Be Encrypted");

                    var encryptedData = rsaClient.Encrypt(data, false);
                    var decryptedData = rsaServer.Decrypt(encryptedData, false);

                    Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedData));

                    Console.WriteLine("OK");
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                }
                Console.Read();
            }
        }
    }

1 - Please use >= 2048 Bits in your key to be protected til ~2025.

The above is from 2012, but I came across it while trying to create a ssh-rsa key for Putty / Linux server connections.

I've just solved similar problem of creating a public ssh-rsa key in the proper format, to match PuttyGen.

For Microsoft .net RSACryptoServiceProvider it would look like this

            RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(3072);
            byte[] sshrsa_bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes("ssh-rsa");
            byte[] n = RSA.ExportParameters(false).Modulus;
            byte[] e = RSA.ExportParameters(false).Exponent;
            string buffer64;
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                ms.Write(ToBytes(sshrsa_bytes.Length), 0, 4);
                ms.Write(sshrsa_bytes, 0, sshrsa_bytes.Length);
                ms.Write(ToBytes(e.Length), 0, 4);
                ms.Write(e, 0, e.Length);
                ms.Write(ToBytes(n.Length+1), 0, 4); //Remove the +1 if not Emulating Putty Gen
                ms.Write(new byte[] { 0 }, 0, 1); //Add a 0 to Emulate PuttyGen (remove it not emulating)
                ms.Write(n, 0, n.Length);
                ms.Flush();
                buffer64 = Convert.ToBase64String(ms.ToArray());
            }

            string pubssh = string.Format("ssh-rsa {0} generated-key", buffer64);

You can see my Private Key I used for testing & the putty gen source code link https://www.cameronmoten.com/2017/12/21/rsacryptoserviceprovider-create-a-ssh-rsa-public-key/

I work at Microsoft but this is a personal answer not a Microsoft one.

Original Post for BouncyCastle (Link)