Monads code example

Example: haskell monad

-- Monads are a way of chaining functions in a way
-- that previous computations can have an "effect" on future ones
-- You can model state, non-determinism, IO, partial functions,
-- and tons of other concepts with them.
-- Monads have 2 primary functions associated with them,

return :: Monad m => a -> m a
 -- puts a value in the minimal monadic context

(>>=) :: Monad m => m a -> a -> (m b) -> m b
-- allows for a monadic value to be "unwrapped" and passed into
-- another context-creating function

-- for instance, the Maybe type is defined as
data Maybe a = Nothing | Just a

-- the Maybe monad is implemented as
instance Monad Maybe where
	-- return :: a -> Maybe a
    return x = Just x

	-- (>>=) :: Maybe a -> (a -> Maybe b) -> Maybe b
    Nothing >>= f = Nothing
    (Just x) >>= f = f x